Carol Ann Duffy Study Notes

1. ‘LITTLE RED CAP’ ‘LRC’ is a poem written by Carol Ann Duffy, and is the first poem in the anthology ‘The World’s Wife’, published in 1999. By interpreting the fairytale of Little Red Riding Hood in her poem, Duffy recounts her ten years of marriage to Adrian Henri, who was twenty-three years old her senior. She places herself as the character of Little Red Cap and Henri as the wolf. Duffy also alludes to fairytales such as ‘Sleeping Beauty’ in ‘Queen Herod’ or more traditional stories like ‘The Hunchback of Notre Dame’ in ‘Mrs. Quasimodo’.In ‘LRC’, however, Duffy uses the fairytale staple of the woods, symbolically a rite of passage, to represent her change from a naive teenager to a woman who gains sexual maturity and independence, as a woman and a poet. a. Form and structure: POV of Little Red Cap? by extension, this is the POV of Duffy when she was younger? access true st thoughts of the character ? also allows the reader to see how she progresses from a naive young teenager who is struck by the wolf’s (and by extension Henri’s) sophistication and, more importantly, physical features to someone who has seen past this illusion and is more mature . Key features: Duffy’s use of the fairytale? seeing through illusions to find truth, leading to transformation? the illusion that Little Red Cap has to see through ? also may contain a moral, as fairytales do. While LRRH may have focused on never trusting strangers, this one may be about learning to trust and know yourself before anything else (girl gains independence at the end- ‘I took an axe’, etc. )? links to self-discovery? Duffy also subverts the original tale by removing the passive female protagonist who gets saved by a man, into someone who asserts her independence by taking ‘an axe to the wolf’ herselfSetting? contributes to the theme of self-discove ry and awakening ? we begin ‘at childhood’s end’, where ‘the house petered out’ ? there is a sense of safety and innocence lost, as she is on her own ? the listing in the first stanza presents a world that encapsulates childhood (‘playing fields’), work (‘factory’) and retirement (‘allotments’) ? she has left the microcosmic reality of childhood, inside her house, and is surrounded by this vast expanse of life? sense of being overwhelmed? but before she can join them she must go through the woods? ymbol of a rite of passage? somewhere unknown, fearful that LRC must traverse through in order to come out the other side with her ‘flowers, singing all alone’ Characterization of LRC? throughout the poem, the dynamic of the relationship between LRC and the wolf, as well as the states of each character change ? represents Duffy’s changing and growing dissatisfaction in her marriage to Henri? charact er represents Duffy at age sixteen (young)? described as ‘sweet sixteen†¦waif’, emphasizing her innocence and naivety ? casual tone (‘You might ask why. ), again highlights her juvenility, which attracts her to the more mature wolf? attraction causes whirlwind romance (‘I clung till dawn to his trashing fur’/ ‘my stockings ripped to shreds’) ? emphasized through violent verbs, and her need to seek justification (‘what little girl doesn’t dearly love a wolf? ’)? suggests she doesn’t really know what she is doing? so, it takes ‘ten years in the woods’ to come out the other side? she undergoes her rite of passage? represents the disillusionment caused during the final years of Duffy’s marriage? fterwards, she gains independence (repetition of ‘I’), and by doing so she finds her own voice within her femininity in the final lines of the poem (‘I come with my flowers, singin g, all alone’) Characterization of the wolf? represents the older Adrian Henri ? character progresses in the opposite way of LRC ? he starts off at a higher status, but falls from grace at the 6th stanza’s turning point ? introduced in stanza 2? Duffy emphasizes his masculine, physical qualities (‘What teeth! ’), emphasized by allusions to the original tale, as well as the regular rhyme scheme (focuses on ‘hairy paw’, ‘bearded jaw’)? lso creates a juvenile tone, emphasizing LRC’s schoolgirl attraction to him, and how he has the upper hand status-wise ? portrayed as mysterious, sophisticated and confident (contrasts with juvenility of LRC)- ‘red wine staining his bearded jaw’- it is red wine, not blood? also has connotations of illusion? however, in the 6th stanza she sees through the illusion ? realizes the ‘greying wolf howls the same old song at the moon’? implies that she was only taken by the i nitial lust for him, but that she has become bored and dissatisfied over time? caesura and parallel structures (‘year in, year out’) emphasize this? o she emasculates him (‘one chop, scrotum to throat’), relinquishing him of his power, becoming independent In conclusion, Duffy manages to explore the themes of self-discovery and independence as she takes a look back at her 10-year marriage to Adrian Henri. She cleverly places herself and Henri as the characters Little Red Cap and the wolf, subverting the traditional fairytale of Little Red Riding Hood and by doing this, uses the fairytale staple of seeing through illusions. Finally, Little Red Cap emerges out of the woods, completing her rite of passage.

Shaping, Chaining, and Reinforcement Schedules in Prison Essay

Shaping, Chaining, and Reinforcement Schedules in Prison: A Review Shaping, chaining and reinforcement schedules are learning theories utilized in operant conditioning to change individual behaviors. Shaping involves teaching new behaviors in steps. An individual shapes their behaviors when they are rewarded for closely or perfectly mastering a step in the behaviors modification. Chaining is the links that are made from one step to another in the behavior modification. Reinforcement schedules are the rewards and punishments given when an individual masters or refuses to master a step in the shaping of a behavior. Operant conditioning incorporates the use of shaping, chaining and reinforcing behaviors in order to create a desirable outcome in the behaviors of an individual. Shaping, chaining and reinforcement schedules are utilized in schools, homes, and prisons across the world. In the prison environment they are used to change inmate’s behaviors, and help inmates get ready to reenter society as productive members. Prisons utilize the various steps of operant conditioning to aide in changing all sorts of behaviors including anger management. Shaping and Chaining Shaping and chaining behavior is a key part of the learning theory known as operant conditioning. Operant conditioning Shaping takes place when an individual is rewarded for a acceptable response to a stimulus. In an anger management program an individual would be rewarded for the reaction to anger and the ability to manage anger. An individual would be rewarded for managing anger when presented with stimuli that triggers anger and punished when failing to manage anger when presented with stimuli that trigger anger. At first then inmate might be reward for not becoming physically aggressive when presented with the stimuli that triggers anger. Over time the inmate would not be rewarded unless management is displayed without verbal or physical aggression. The reward for the anger management displayed by inmates would decrease as the management techniques improve. Chaining would occur when the inmate is able to move from one step to another in their ability to manage their anger. Reinforcement Schedules Reinforcement schedules are the rewards and punishments utilized in conjunction with shaping and chaining in operant conditioning of behaviors.  Rewards are utilized to encourage the right responses to stimuli while punishments are utilized to consequence or discourage any responses that are not close to the desired response to a stimulus. As an individual chains the responses and shapes anger management behaviors they are rewarded and learn to utilize anger management in place of old behaviors. The use of rewards is phased out when an individual utilizes the anger management responses instead of the originally responses to stimuli that create anger. Rewards and sanctions are key to shaping any behavior (Carey & Carter, 2009). Literature Review Research shows that the utilization of positive reinforcement in inmates produces positive results in shaping behaviors (Thomas, 2001). According to Fishbein, Sheppard, Hyde, Hubal, Newlin, Serin, Chrousos, & Alesci; â€Å"Executive cognitive functioning and emotional regulation may play a key role in treatment responsively† (2009 p.419). Burdon, St. De Lore & Prendergast report that behaviorally based protocol that involves the systematic application of positive reinforcement following demonstration of a desired behavior in drug treatment programs have proven to promote the shaping of inmate behaviors (2012). â€Å"Although historically sanctions have been used as the primary method to respond to or control offenders’ behavior, research indicates that positive reinforcement should be applied more frequently than negative reinforcement when trying to change behavior† (Carey & Carter, 2009 p.9) Most experts in psychology and criminal justice agree anger is problem atic when it is too frequent, too intense, too prolonged, or managed ineffectively (Smith, Smith & Beckner, 1994). Smith, Smith & Beckner discuss a research study in which anger management workshops were utilized in a women’s correctional facility (1994). In this study women were taught anger management skills over the duration of three sessions (1994). The inmates were taught anger management skills and reported feeling better about themselves and their ability to cope with stimuli that triggers anger (1994). Reinforcement schedules are shown to be more effective in women inmates (1994). Shaping of inmate behaviors in drug treatment programs with the use of reinforcement schedules have been researched and findings have been promising (Burdon, St. De Lore & Prendergast, 2012). The shaping of anger management behaviors in inmates is possible with positive  reinforcement schedules. Inmates do well when positive reinforcements for behaviors are given (Seirn & Hanby, 2009). As Burdon, St. De Lore & Prendergast explains, inmates are constantly being given punishments and acknowledged for the negative behaviors displayed (2009). When punishments are strip away replace with positive reinforcement there is a significant change in the behavi ors exhibited by inmates (Smith & Schweitzer, 2012). Individuals receiving positive attention of behaviors exhibit more positive behaviors to get the attention desired. The same can be said in the prison setting. Individuals need to be taught new ways to deal with anger, and the prison environment offers a unique environment to reshape the very behaviors and beliefs that contributed to an individual being placed in there. Inmates imprisoned for acts of violence due to the lack of anger management skills will only reenter the prison system for the same acts if not taught a different way to cope with stimuli that triggers anger. Implementing anger management skills to inmates with anger management issues would reduce the likelihood of reentry. Shaping and chaining the way in which inmates respond to anger can result in lifelong effective implementation of anger management skills by inmates. Shaping would occur by first helping inmate identify stimuli that triggers anger. Once inmates know what triggers anger, next the teaching of anger management skills can take place. When inmates utilize the anger management skills in place of the natural reaction for situations that trigger anger, rewards would be given. By implementing reinforcements for the utilization of anger management skills inmates learn the acceptable responses to stimuli of anger. The goal would be to effectively shape the anger management skills utilized by inmates without the need for reinforcement. For example, instead of becoming violent, an inmate would walk away. Conclusion The utilization if positive reinforcement schedules have been proven to be effective in prisons across the United States. Anger management programs have not always proven to be successful within prisons. Shaping and chaining of anger can be done within the prison system through the implementation of anger management workshops and reinforcements schedules. Several studies have shown the successes of positive reinforcement with inmates. Combining anger management shaping with reinforcement schedules could prove to  increase the likelihood of success in anger management programs offered to inmates. References Butdon, W., St. De Lore, J., Prendergast, M. (2012). Developing and implementing a positive behavioral reinforcement intervention in prison-based drug treatment: Project BRITE. Journal of Phychoactive Drugs, 7, 40-50 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429341/ Casey, M., & Carter, M. Center for Effective Public Policy. (2009) Shaping offender behavior. Retrieved from http://www.cepp.com/documents/Shaping%20Offender%20Behavior.pdf Fishbein, D., Sheppard, M., Hyde, C., Hubal, R., Newlin, D., Serin, R., Chrousos, G., & Alesci, S. (2009). Deficits in behavioral inhibition predict treatment engagement in prison inmates. Law and Human Behavior, 33(5), 419-35. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-008-9163-7 Serin, R., Hanby, L. Correctional Service Canada. (2009). Offender incentive and behavioural management. Retrieved from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/research/005008-0214-01-eng.shtml strategies. Smith, P. & Schweitzer, M. (2012). The therapeutic prison. Journal of Con temporary Criminal Justice, 28(1), 7-22. doi: 10.1177/1043986211432201 Thomas, S. P. (2001). Teaching healthy anger management. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 37(2), 41-8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/200754284?accountid=458

Religious Current Events

Quebec's secularism charter heads to lawmakers Recently in the province of Quebec City, Canada, the Charter of Quebec Values was introduced to the public making the area completely secular.Even more recently, the charter was rebranded as â€Å"Charter Affirming the Values of Secularism and the Religious Neutrality of the State, As Well As the Equality of Men and Women, and the Framing of Accommodation Requests†, the sole reason simply being that â€Å"Bernard Drainville, the governing Parti Quebecois minister responsible for the proposal, said he mouthful of a name was selected by government lawyers, adding they like long names that encompass the major details in the title. † This measure would ban all overt and conspicuous headgear worn by public sector employees, including hijabs, yarmulkes and Sikh turbans.This ban also includes wearing large crucifixes and other obvious religious wear. This will affect people all over the province who openly displayed their religiou s perspectives. This will likely become an extremely controversial situation between the people of Quebec City and their governing party, he reason being that before this charter, the people were free to openly practice and somewhat display their beliefs, and now, are being regulated on what they are and aren't allowed to wear.Though the drafters of the bill feel that this charter is required to achieve religious neutrality, it is not likely that the people of Quebec City will stand for such religious oppression. Some may be tolerable of the charter, like those who can Just tuck in their necklaces or put away their rings, but what about those who wear garments such as headdresses and celebrative wear to express their trength and belief, or even a monk who is only to wear his robe. To set any regulation on religious â€Å"display' is to oppress religion itself.It is impossible to ban the â€Å"visual expression† of religion without inadvertantly discriminating against certain religious perspectives who use robes, dresses or other kinds religious wear. â€Å"The provincial government is allowing for a one-year transition period to implement the provisions. The charter calls for disciplinary measures for those who do not comply with its bans, but those are unspecified in the bill. Meanwhile, Canada's federal government has said that if the charter is approved, Ottawa would order a review by its Justice Department. This itself shows the uncertainty in the entire charter. If the law is passed, it should already deemed as a constitutional law. The provincial government is determined to have this charter set into motion and even they are unsure as to whether or not it is fair to religious expression as a whole. Not only do they neglect the fact that some religions require the expression of things such as headwear to ymbolize their religious devotion, they claim that it can be impartial to other forms of religious expressions.However, there was no fault befor e the legislation of this charter, there wasn't much of an issue with religious expression. Religious wars have not taken place in the country of Canada because they did not have a law regulating the religious expression of the people, making it impartial. The people of the province realize this and are opposing what is to be the â€Å"Charter Affirming the Values of Secularism and the Religious Neutrality of the State, As Well As the Equality of Men nd Women, and the Framing of Accommodation Requests† Religion is a controversial thing.As difficult as it may be to maintain the equality of the people and still remain viewed as impartial to any specific party, it is not alright to eliminate the situation as a whole. The freedom of religion is the rite of the people and is not be tyrannized in any way. Though the respective religious peoples are to practice their religion respective to the laws of their land, opression of general expression is not a possible solution.

The Risky Us High School Behavior, Drug Abuse and Alcohol Impairment Essay

The Risky Us High School Behavior, Drug Abuse and Alcohol Impairment - Essay Example The researchers randomized the two groups of the participants; the students were selected from the high school and screened for the driving license allowing the independent, uncontrolled and unsupervised driving activity. It was distributed 30 days before the period of the study and a survey for 15-week of the research carried out on the vehicle that served instrumental in the period. The parent provided the consent and the privacy of the participants and data protected by the certificate of confidentiality.The collected data or the demographic factors were analyzed using the multivariate sequential logistic regression. The treatment group provided the immediate feedback information of the green lights without the effect of the gravitational force as well as flashing lights after an occurrence of an event. The treatment group – lights plus received the feedback from the light only and the feedback sent by the parents indicating the risks and the score for the week.The events w ere not significantly different between the two groups and showed that the calculated measure of central tendency and measures of variation were higher in light plus group in relative comparison to the first group throughout the period. Lights plus group involved themselves in the few events. Thirteen percent of the sampled students were reported to drive while impaired (DWI) in the period of study. Evaluation and recorded events showed that 74% of the lights only group made the sharp cornering while 10% applied the hard braking.

Reconstruction and Race Relations Paper Research

Reconstruction and Race Relations - Research Paper Example Another law was also passed which is the Disenfranchisement Law that deprived Afro Americans of their right to vote. The passage of the segregation law and disenfranchisement law meant the white and the black cannot be together on public places and public transportation. These oppressive laws were then implemented in various states and municipality mandating the segregation of the blacks and the whites not only on public transportation but also in other aspects of public life that include, schools, hospitals, parks, movie houses, hotels and even restrooms. The Disfranchisement Law as the name implies, remove the right of the Negro to exercise his civil liberty to vote by despite the guarantee of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. This was evident with the exclusion of the blacks from the list of those who can vote in 1870 and made it more difficult for blacks to vote (if they can) by passing the poll tax law. Ridiculous as it may sound but a literacy requirement was also enacte d in 1890 that if a black person is allowed to vote, he or she must satisfy the â€Å"understanding clause† that they understood the constitution before the state registrar. Naturally, the determination of the black person’s fitness to vote became arbitrary that deprived many of them of their right to vote. Voting restrictions were also imposed to make it difficult for black people by stating deadlines of poll tax payment and voter registration unannounced. All of these were designed to make it difficult, if not impossible for a black person to vote. The Reconstruction and beyond The end of the civil war marked the reconstruction period in the South. There are many accounts and interpretation why the Reconstruction became a splendid failure but it converged on the idea that it did not achieve what it intended to achieve. One its failure was failure was the attempt to provide some civil rights such as the right to vote for African Americans (Fitzgerald, 2008). This was evident in the Dred Scott decision which the Supreme Court ruled that blacks â€Å"had no rights which a white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit† (Freerepublic.com). In 1876 however, a change in political tide was seen when the Republicans gained control in Congress. From the repressive regime of the Democrats, the Republicans passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution where several civil rights bills were introduced which will give every Americans equal protection before the law (Cornell University Law School, nd). One of the laws that were also passed was the granting of the right to vote among African Americans. In effect, this would have also given the African Americans some civil rights and the benefit of equal protection before the law except that it was blocked in every way of its application. One particular right, of the four civil rights that was passed in Congress that was circumvented in its application was the protection of right to vote as expressed in the Fourteenth Amendment. The Democrats device several political implements to block the application of the African American right to vote which included imposition of poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses and Gerrymandering. The imposition of

Weather and Aircraft dispatch Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Weather and Aircraft dispatch - Research Paper Example This individual makes sure that he authorizes, regulates, controls and then terminates aircraft flights which are in sheer compulsion and accordance with the airline and the regulations as brought forward by the government as well as the policies to maintain and assure safety at all times possible. This is indeed a job that takes care of many significant aspects, most important of which are related with weather control as related with the flights that are being flown worldwide. An aircraft dispatcher’s job is indeed a Herculean one. It is because he has to manage a number of things upon his shoulders. The weight of responsibility always makes him feel that he has to perform his job very dutifully and without any lapse whatsoever. The effectiveness of the aircraft dispatcher is emphasized by the works that he does in the wake of the economics, the operational control as well as the passenger service requirements which are made use of for daily flights on a worldwide basis. Henc e the complexity of the job is directly proportional to how expansive his works are and what he has to report at the end of the day. The manner in which the weather information is determined and discerned is very significant because it states the basis of his work that he has to perform at all times (Scanlon, 2003). ... The aircraft dispatcher therefore has to plan things accordingly (Utley, 2011). He must make sure that flights are prepared with information which includes the maximum allowable takeoff and landing scenarios. These comprise of the weights that have to be studied in-depth nonetheless. He has to see whether or not the flight reports are drawn up properly, adjust the field conditions as well as compile the relevant information and update his own self and the flights with regards to the completion of safe flights. He has to be in the loop as far as preparing the dispatch release on which he alone is the signing authority. This is a legal document that provides relevant authorization for the departure of the flight at a particular time and date (Mahadevan, 2010). Since he has the right to delay, divert or cancel a flight for a number of different reasons, most significant of which are the ones related with unsafe conditions that become a risk for the safety of the aircraft, its cargo, the passengers and the flight itself, his role becomes even more magnanimous all the same. Some of the pros that the aircraft dispatcher has are that he has to see everything in detail. His activities are in line with the safety and security compulsions that come attached with his job. However, the cons are something to speak highly of. These disadvantages comprise of the fact that he cannot relax on his job for even a single moment. Since there are many lives at stake, his role is immensely significant and thus motivation for the job must remain supreme at all times possible (Youngdahl, 1996). What is even more important is how well he has to take care of his issues that engulf his personal life and thus keep them separate from his own

The Nightmare by Fuseli and Death of Marat by David Essay

The Nightmare by Fuseli and Death of Marat by David - Essay Example Fuseli’s Nightmare in of the Romanesque/Romantic/Gothic style. As expected of many paintings produced in Romantic style, the Nightmare portrays some level of sexuality. In fact, this painting is cloaked in mystery yet dripping with scandalous sexuality. Romanticism involves the use of decorations, light colors, and smooth surfaces. These features are brought out well in the Nightmare. The woman is depicted as wearing a white, light nightdress and has a smooth body (Detroit Institute of Arts).      In this piece of art, it is evident that the movements and the gestures of this figure are exaggerated. Fuseli produced this painting as a reaction to the rejected marriage proposal. He wanted to marry a woman called Miss Anna Landholdt. Fuseli, therefore, presents himself as the demonic incubus perched on the woman's chest. This was a great expression of jealous and emotional revenge. The Nightmare exemplifies Fuseli’s style and romanticism in general by bringing out elements of passion and lust. This is evidenced by the type of dressing the woman is wearing and the blood red curtain behind the scene. These features create a light contrast which intensifies the woman’s eminent glow. The woman also lies in a vulnerable position. In this painting, Fuseli has also used chiaroscuro style to add to the effects of the contrast created by dark and light colors. This has given the scene an eerie glow (Detroit Institute of Arts).David’s work, the Death of Marat, drew from Neoclassicism. This style emerged as a result of the reaction of artists to Rococo style. The style was meant to do away with Rococo features which included being gaudy, cluttered and over-decorative. The painters were also receiving inspiration from the archeological digs of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In terms of theme, paintings produced under neoclassicism typically presented a narra tive with a flair for the dramatic (Berghe and Plesca 97). Neoclassicism uses styles and subjects from the past and applied them to the current situations for every theme ranging from decoration to propaganda. This feature made David’s Death of Marat one of the most instrumental commentary and propaganda during the French Revolution.

Catholic View of the Death Penalty Research Paper

Catholic View of the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example In 1992, the church approved the first universal catechism. According to Pope John Paul II, the text was a complete exposition of catholic doctrine. This would enable everyone to understand what the church believes, celebrates, lives and prays (Daly, Doody, and Paffenroth, pp. 50). However, the publication was revised within a short time and particularly the section dealing with the death penalty. The first section of the death penalty was based on the traditional catholic principle, which gave the death penalty a moral definition. It gave the public authority the right and duty to punish offenders with the gravity of the crime which included the death penalty. This was to redress the disorder and damage caused by the crime. However, it proposed bloodless means as a way of defending human lives against aggressors and provide public safety (Hodgkinson and Schabas, pp 97). The public authority was supposed to use bloodless means to conform to human dignity of the offender. This was the earlier catholic teaching permitting capital punishments to defend life and maintain public order. The use of bloodless means was preferred in line with Christian calling to show mercy instead of vengeance. When the catechism publication was revised in 1997, the purpose of capital punishment had been removed. The notion of capital punishment as deterrence to other capital crimes was also reduced. Prior to this release, the pope had issued a letter about human life that addressed several moral issues regarding defending human life. This letter revealed capital offender as human beings who deserved humanity and condemned death penalty. This letter had an impact on Vatican commissioners overseeing the revisions. The catechism was supposed to be a teaching guide that upholds morals to about 1.1 billion Catholics around the world. The argument of the death penalty as a protection of public order was scrubbed and justified with the defense of human life against aggressors. Death penalty could only be used to protect the society from capital criminals (Owens, Carlson, and Elshtain, pp. 60). The document provided a restricted application of the death penalty and the cases requiring execution were very few or nonexistent. This issue was given a broader discussion of legitimate defense and human morality. The public authority had to respect personal and social rights of the criminal. Criminals were also provided with the opportunity to regain their freedom by including remedies for both the offender and the criminals. The church had considered introducing morality on the death penalty before the first catechism publication. Biblical convictions about good and evil, sin and redemption, justice and mercy acted as the basis for shifting the view of the death penalty. According to the bible, life is a precious gift from God and human beings were created in God’s image. Jesus was crucified between two capital criminals as a way of redeeming human beings. Individuals who deny the dignity of fellow humans required dignity as a gift from God rather than something earned through behavior. However, the Law of Moses in the Old Testament prescribes death for about thirty six offenses (Campbell, pp. 15). Early Catholic Christians used this justification to punish capital offenders by convicting them to death. Biblical excerpts such as a limb for limb, tooth for tooth, and eye

The Effect of Milling on the Triboelectrification Properties of Literature review - 1

The Effect of Milling on the Triboelectrification Properties of Flurbiprofen Salts - Literature review Example This literature review seeks to investigate some of the electrostatic concepts as well as the potential effects of milling on the triboelectrification properties of Flurbiprofen salts. Electrostatics is a phenomenon which generally involves the build up of charges on the surfaces of particles and objects which are in contact with each other. One of the most fundamental equations commonly used in electrostatics is Coulombs law which effectively describe the force between any two point electric charges. According to Coulombs law, the magnitude of electrostatic force between any two point charges is dependent on the magnitude of each charge as well as the distance between the charges. The concept of work function generally refers to minimum energy (in electronvolts) required to remove an electron from a solid and transfer it to any point outside the surface of the solid. Work function represents the least amount of energy needed to get rid of the weakest electron from its location. Consequently, electrons are often moved to a function with the lower work function of the substance with a higher work function (Bailey, 1993). Based on these rules, Elajnaf’s group (2006) suggested a triboelectric sequence where the substance with the highest sequence, but with a lower work function would experience the highest level of electropositive charge when it came in contact with the substances in the lower sequence. Contact Potential difference is an important concept that can be used to measure the changes in work function of a particle surface. An electrostatic potential usually exists between any two dissimilar electrical materials (such as conductors and semiconductors with different electron work functions) which are brought into physical contact. According to Elajnaf et al. (2006, p.102), contact surface characteristics such as surface texture, surface resistivity and contamination and particle properties such as surface resistivity, crystal properties and

Racism in the Workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Racism in the Workforce - Essay Example In other words it can be said that with the increase of globalization most of the companies and organizations are multicultural in nature. This has helped them to bring together people with vast experience, cultural diversity, education and professional skills. However, when issues of racism arise in the work place, I believe it is destructive in nature. It restricts the individuals and will have a direct impact on their productivity. It destroys community cohesion and creates divisions in work place. I believe that it is the opposite of the democratic principle of equality. Additionally, this kind of destructive behavior results in domination of a particular group or individual. As a result the practices of that group or the individual are seen as the standard to which other cultural practices should conform. I feel that this is a wrong practice and it frequently and systematically advantages some ethnic and cultural groups and disadvantages others who do not belong to these groups. I have seen this happen to one of my colleague who belongs to a Negro community. She was talented and was perhaps much better performer when compared to many others in my organization. Every time she applied for her promotion, her application was rejected based on some reason.

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion - Essay Example Perceptive on theism, philosophy, spirituality, and other beliefs are similar and dissimilar from what one considers of ‘religion’, can assist a lot in understanding the religion. Few points out where the outer borders of religion exist, whereas some assist to identify with what religion essentially comprises. This essay undertakes comparisons between the Jewish Religion and the Catholic Christian religion. Judaism is based on the principles and ethics incarnated in the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud and is a religion of jews. Even though Judaism has rarly been monolithic in practice, it has always been monotheistic in theology. Its central authority is not fixed in a person or group, but in sacred texts and traditions. Judaism adhered to a number of religious principles, the most significant of which is the faith in a single, omniscient, omnipotent, benevolent, supreme God, who created the universe and continues to administer it. It is the traditional Jewish belief that the God who created the world made a promise with the Israelites, and disclosed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of the Torah, and the Jewish people are the descendants of the Israelites. The practice of Judaism turns around study and the complying of Gods laws and commandments as written in the Torah and set forth in the Talmud. Judaism is the 11th largest religious group in the world (Wikipe dia). According to Catholic belief, God, boundless and holy in himself, in a plan of total kindness generously created man to make him share in his own sacred life. Because of this, always and in every place, God get closer to man. He asks man to look for him, to know him, to love him with full of his heart and strength. He welcomes all men, scattered and alienated because of sin, into the unity of his Church. For accomplishing this goal, God sent his only Son as Redeemer and Savior of mankind. Through him and in the Holy Spirit, he asks men to turn

Cell Phones While Driving Essay Example for Free

Cell Phones While Driving Essay Are cell phones dangerous while driving? Do you know hoy many deaths occur per year because of the cell phones? Everyday people die in car accidents for using cell phones while driving. According to NSC. Org â€Å"Drivers that use mobile phones are four times more likely to be involved in an accident†. Even though some people think that hand-free set is safe but it still dangerous. People should avoid talking while driving; those who defend the phone use often say that it makes no difference whether someone is talking on a phone or not. Some people who work depend on a cell phone like lawyers or businessmen. They always have to be available to answer the phone in order to keep their business running. However, their habits can create dangerous situations like a collision or an accident. Business issues can be stressful and hazardous while driving because it can cause emotional reactions that can lead to tragedies. Do to the fact that while they talk with someone of their coworkers they might get upset and this can lower their driving ability that can chief to lose control over the car. If people do not make the decision to leave aside their cell phones their routine can harm innocent people. Like mentioned before, other people say that hands-free set is safety. However, hands-free devices do not eliminate the risk of causing an accident and even worsen it by suggesting that the fact of using it is safe. Researches from the state Department of Transportation, show records that using headset can be as dangerous as holding a phone because the conversations distracts drivers from focusing on the road. Scientists had proven that people talking over the phone image person who they talking to and that does not interfere with driving. The problem is when a car swerves unexpectedly or pedestrian step into traffic, and the mind lacks the processing power to react in time. So the problem is not in holding the wheel and cell phone at the same time the cause is the lack of reaction at the particularly time People in favor of the use cell phones, say that it is a good option to do it in case of an emergency. However, I believe that it is a wrong thought. It is an illusion of safety because when people need them, the most their cell phones r they can not either reach them or find them because they could be stuck or hidden in some part of the car. People shouldnt fully depend on cell phones owing to that fact that they are not reliable; the trusty solution for the difficult situation it could be OnStar. Which is a service that in case of an accident or an emergency will contact you. If you are not able to answer, they will contact the police department, the hospital or the fire service. Therefore, nowadays cell phones are unnecessary devices because they are unreliable in emergency situations while you are in a car accident. In conclusion, I think drivers should be more conscious about using the cell phone while driving. As I said it earlier hand-free device is not safety at all, because requires the brain to be multitask. If drivers do not give up cell-phones the number of mortalities on the roads will continue to increase.

Case Study: Patient With Asthma

Case Study: Patient With Asthma Patient RR is a 58 years old female with a weight of 55kg. Patient was admitted to hospital on 9th April 2009. Her presenting complaints were cough with sputum, pain when inhaling air at chest, breathless and unable to speak in full sentence. Her past medical histories were hypercholesterolemia, bronchial asthma and she has no known drug allergy. For her social history, she works as a security guard and is living with her husband. She is a non smoker as well as non alcoholic and she has no known family history. Patients drug history include metered dose inhaler (MDI) salbutamol 200mcg as required, MDI budesonide 400mcg twice daily, theophylline SR tablet 250mg once daily and lovastatin tablet 20mg once daily. Investigations Blood Test: 9th April 12th April WBC 10.9109/L 12.9109/L High (4-10.0) RBC 4.821012/L 4.91012/L High (3.8-4.8) MCV 78.7 fl/cell 78.6 fl/cell Low (83-101) MCH 26.5 pg/cell 25.3 pg/cell Low (27-32) ESR 24 mm/hr High (0-20) Blood HbA1c 7.2% Good control: 8.0% Renal Profile: 9th April 11th April Plasma K+ 2.8 mmol/L 2.5 mmol/L Low (3.5-5.1) Creatinine 100 ÃŽ ¼mol/L 79 ÃŽ ¼mol/L (58-96) Blood test indicated that the level of white blood cell and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is higher than normal which suggests the patient had an infection. The blood HbA1c showed adequate control of blood glucose. On the other hand, the renal test showed that the patient had low plasma potassium and the plasma creatinine level is normal. Clinical Progress On examination, the patient was alert with no pedal oedema. Her pulse rate was 120 beats per minute, blood pressure was 130/62 mmHg, and respiratory rate was 22 breaths per min. She was diagnosed with acute exacerbation bronchial asthma secondary to upper respiratory tract infection. The plan was to give intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone 200mg immediately then 100mg three times daily, IV Augmentin 1.2g three times daily, nebulizer atrovent: ventolin: normal saline (A:V:N) 2:1:2 every two hours and to continue SPO2 monitoring. On day 1, the patient was given MDI Budesonide 400mcg, nebulizer AVN, IV hydrocortisone 100mg three times daily, bromhexine tablet 8mg three times daily, erythromycin tablet 400mg twice daily, prednisolone tablet 40mg once daily, oxygen 3L/min and lovastatin tablet 20mg once daily. Theophylline were stopped. On day 3, patients blood pressure was 120/70 mmHg, respiratory rate was 26 breaths per minute and the SPO2 was 98%. She has cough with yellow sputum and the sputum culture showed that there are no pathogen isolated. The patient was to start on long acting beta agonist (LABA). Other medications that were given include potassium tablet 1.2g twice daily, Neb Combivent 4 hourly, IV Augmentin 1.2g three times daily, MIST expectorant 15mL three times daily. Hydrocortisone and bisolvon were stopped. On day 4, the patient had fever, cough with yellow sputum and difficulty in breathing. No new action was taken. On day 6, patient had no more fever but still had cough with yellow sputum. Her blood pressure was 122/80 mmHg and respiratory rate was 20 breaths per minute. The plan was to give MDI formoterol 9mcg once daily and augmentin tablet 625mg. Oxygen and prednisolone were stopped. On day 8, patient still had cough but the sputum turned white. Patient was given theophylline SR tablet 250mg twice daily and was ready to be discharged the next day. Medication Summary Drug Dose Frequency Indication T.Bisolvon 8mg tds(stop at day 3) Cough Mist Expectorant 15 mL tds (day3-day 6) Cough T.Erythromycin 400mg bd (stop on day 6) Infection KCl solution 20mL tds (stop on day 7) Hypokalaemia T.Prednisolone 40mg od (stop on day 6) Acute asthma T.Augmentin 625mg tds Infection T.Lovastatin 20mg od Hyperlipidaemia T.Nuelin SR 500mg bd Asthma OXIS inhaler (formoterol) 9mcg od Asthma MDI Budesonide 400mcg bd Asthma Salbutamol 200mcg when required Asthma Pharmaceutical Care Plan Care Plan Recommendation Desired Outcome 1. Monitor K+ level -high dose salbutamol and theophylline causes hypokalaemia K+ level should be monitored. K+ supplement should be given if K+ level is low. Maintain stable potassium level. 2. On day 4, patient had fever but not treated. Paracetamol should be given. To lower down patients temperature. 3. Concurrent use of oral prednisolone and IV hydrocortisone for acute treatment -If patient can tolerate orally, oral prednisolone should be adequate. -if cant, give IV hydrocortisone 100mg every 6 hour until conversion to oral is possible. 4. Combination inhaler can be given to patient Symbicort inhaler (1-2 puffs bd) can be given instead of OXIS and budesonide inhaler. Besides that, Symbicort can be also given as relief to replace Combivent. Less confusion and increases compliance. 5. Technique to use inhaler -Counsel patient on proper technique -advice on oral hygiene to avoid oral candidiasis. 6. Prophylaxis of asthma Counsel patient to avoid allergen that may trigger attack and avoid NSAIDs. Lowers risk of asthma attack 7. Compliance issue Advice patient on the importance to take control medication accordingly even if patient feels well. Lowers risk of asthma attack Disease Overview and Pharmacological Basis of Drug Therapy Asthma affects people of all ages, but it normally starts at childhood1. Asthma affects 5-8% of the population around the world2. A study done by World Health Organization (WHO) shows that there are 15 million disability-adjusted life years lost yearly because of asthma, displaying 1% of total disease burden worldwide3. The annual worldwide mortality caused by asthma is estimated to be 250,000. In Scotland, the incidence of clinical asthma is around 18.4% of the population3. Asthma is an inflammatory disease where there is frequent reversible airway obstruction1. The narrowing of the airway happens when people with asthma react strongly to certain substance they breathe in. These irritant stimuli are too weak to affect normal individuals1. The narrowing of airway is also caused by other factors which include mucosal swelling or inflammation caused by inflammatory mediators released by mast cell and basophil degranulation as well as mucus or phlegm production2. The causes of asthma include genetic factor, environmental factor and history of etopic disorder5. The most common symptoms of asthma are wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and sometimes cough, especially at night in younger people1, 4. The probability of asthma increased if symptoms worsen at night and early morning or in response to exercise, allergen and cold air5. Acute severe asthma may cause hypoxaemia and is not easily reversed. Therefore, the patient needs prompt treatment and hospitalization1. Patients with asthma have continuous and excessive T-helper cell type 2 (Th2)-dominated immune response and the Th1 which is responsible for structural and defensive status of the tissue is reduced4. The activated T-cells produce cytokines in the bronchial mucosa and this attract other inflammatory granulocytes especially eosinophils which produce cysteinyl leukotrienes along with granule protein to damage epithelium. The cytokines released also promotes IgE synthesis in some asthmatic patients which cause expression of IgE receptors on mast cell and eosinophils1, 4. The important mediators associated with asthma are leukotriene B4, cysteinyl leukotrienes (C4 and D4), interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and tissure-damaging eosinophil proteins1. In atopic asthmatic patients, inhaled allergen caused cross-linking of IgE molecules on mast cells hence activating degranulation with histamine and leukotriene B4 release. These substances are powerful bronchoconstrictors thus causing acute exace rbation of asthma1. For diagnosis of asthma, spirometry is the preferred initial test5. It is a device to measure the functional lung volumes. Through the patients full force expiration into the device, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and force vital capacity (FVC) are measured. Exhalation continues until there is no more breath to be exhaled. The FEV1/FVC ratio shows the severity of airflow obstruction and the normal ratio is 75-80%2. The ratio is less than 75% in asthma which indicates obstructive defect. There is normally more than 15% improvement in FEV1 after administration of B2 agonist or steroid trial in asthma patients2. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is also another test for asthma though FEV1 uses lesser effort2. It is measured by the maximum forced expiratory through a peak flow meter and acts as an estimate of airway calibre. PEF is measured frequently to check response to treatment and disease control. PEF is used to test acute and chronic asthma with PEF decreases along with s everity2. Moderate acute asthma Severe acute asthma Life-threatening Able to talk, Respiratory rate (RR)50-75% Incomplete sentence, RR>25/min, SPO2110/min, PEF 33-50% Silent chest, cyanosis, exhaustion, confusion, feeble respiratory effort, SPO2

Overview of Different Wireless Networking Technologies

Overview of Different Wireless Networking Technologies Overview of different NMS WIRELESS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES Various wireless technologies are under evaluation or are already in use by operational forces. Among these technologies are: WLAN, WiMAX, cellular-based, satellite-based, and MANET. Previous research provided an analysis of the qualities of many of these various technologies based on their ability to support ECO (McHuen and Price, 2009). Each of these technologies has unique features that allow it to fill a particular niche and each has shortcomings that require the incorporation of other technologies into the network. Because this differentiation is likely to continue, the network management system design must include the basic elements incorporated into any tactical wireless technology. 1. WiMAX The Institute of Electric and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 standard defines the standards for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (IEEE, 2004). WiMAX provides point to multipoint, broadband communications to areas not connected by fiber optic or copper cabling. WiMAX is capable of providing throughputs of up to 70 megabits per second and has a range of approximately 50 kilometers. WiMAX uses a multicarrier modulation scheme known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). A limitation of WiMAX is that OFDM is sensitive to multipath and Doppler effects that occur in rapidly changing RF environments such as with mobile users (Fuller, 2008). 2. WLAN The IEEE 802.11 series defines the wireless local area network (WLAN) standards (IEEE, 2007). The most common of these standards in use today will include 802.11g and 802.11n. A WLAN can typically provide throughputs of 54 megabits per second and a range of 100 meters without the need for copper cabling. Most WLAN 31 implementations have the advantage of a fixed access point in order compensate for some of the effects of changing RF conditions; however, a truly mobile ad hoc network must support mobility without being tethered to a fixed infrastructure. 3. Satellite-Based Systems Satellite-based solutions provide beyond line of sight connectivity, but the availability of satellite channels is limited for tactical users. The existing military satellite system known as the UHF Follow-on system (UFO) only provides capacity for 600 concurrent users. DoD users also have commercial services such as Iridium to fill this access gap. That is no panacea, however, since commercial satellite services may not be available when DoD needs them most (Rosenberg, 2010), and it is cost prohibitive to use satellite connectivity exclusively (U.S. Navy To Rely on Netted Iridium Service as Gap-Filler, 2010). The long-term solution in lieu of commercial satellites systems is the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) that provides cutting edge technology based on commercial 3G cellular phone services. MUOS offers both voice and data in a converged, handheld device. However, the MUOS program has experienced several technical problems that delayed the launch of its first satellite, and t here are other issues with the development of the MUOS handsets (Iannotta, 2009). It is likely to be several years before the capabilities offered by MUOS are available to the majority of DoD’s tactical forces. 4. Commercial Cellular The use of commercial cellular technologies on the battlefield has gained significant attention because senior military leaders recognize the potential benefits of putting these devices in the hands of a generation of soldiers and marines that have grown up using this technology. The basic requirements of any cellular network are the handsets and the cellular base stations that are typically associated with towers to increase network coverage. Current capabilities of the tactical cellular network provide throughputs of 1.8 megabits per second while ranges are dependent on the height of the mobile cellular tower placed on a tactical vehicle such as Mine Resistant Ambush 32 Protected (MRAP) vehicle (Lowler, 2009). The current tactical cellular solution is best suited for special operations soldiers who operate in small groups. This network requires a tethered aerostat or a circling aircraft equipped with a cellular base station in order to relay the communications. Other architectural designs have focused on integrating the cellular handsets with tactical radios filling the role of the base station (Tuttle, 2010). That used the cellular handset essentially as an external computer in order to host command and control (C2) and situational awareness (SA) applications in this case. A more efficient architectural design entails developing the tactical radios to host the C2 and SA applications internally, thus eliminating the need for an external computer worn or carried by soldiers (â€Å"New Military Radio Unveiled,† 2011). C. MANET SYSTEMS MANET technologies are highly desirable in tactical environments because each node in the network is able to communicate with all other neighboring devices over one or more hops in order to extend connectivity to areas where a fixed infrastructure is not available. There are many factors that influence the performance and reliability of a MANET. Communications links within the MANET are continuously fluctuating due to the location of devices, power, or environmental factors. MANET technologies are valuable for enhancing command and control because they provide network connectivity beyond line of sight and in harsh environments where this previously was not possible. A tactical MANET provides considerable flexibility through its rapid deploy-ability to provide a wireless voice and data network without any fixed infrastructure. The general characteristics for a tactical MANET include attributes such as rapid deploy-ability, ease of use, mobility, and flexibility. These features make it very suitable for military applications in environments where setting up fixed infrastructure may not be feasible or practical. The MANET nodes also allow transmission of position location information (PLI) in real-time to increase situational awareness at the company level. History of Wireless Networks A wireless network consists of many types (GSM, Wi-Fi, UMTS, and WiMAX)11]. Wi-Fi technology is used in indoor environment because as for considering its accessibility and cost which is very low. Wi-Fi has its specific range in which its calculation can be made. The main goal of the project is indoor positioning system with accuracy to locate an object or target in a room and the identifying rate must be fast that can be deployed considering real time constraints [ HYPERLINK l FLa06 12 ]. More accurate location can be achieved for mobile clients or users which are based on GSM network13]. GSM gives birth to three methods that are positioning by a cell, calculating the distance accordingly to signal strengths SS and based on time difference distance computation [ HYPERLINK l Eve07 14 ]. Positioning by a cell is located simply by using a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) it has a specific area in omnidirectional. A mobile connected to a BTS can be easily located as a BTS has its specific range (from100m to several Km) depending upon the size of the cell in which a target is located. The direction of the target is or mobile user is achieved by sect oral antenna. Positioning can also be measured by the signal strength SS, the distance between the Transmitter and Receiver is calculated through BTS. The method adopted for it is trilateration which identifies the position of a mobile phone. The accuracy obtained between the range of 50 o 500 m having great amount of errors due to structure of buildings and obstacles present there. Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) is the estimation method in which the time is noticed as it reaches from the mobile station towards the BTS. This is called timing in advance and requires the synchronization between the mobile phone and BTS. Distance is calculated by the time difference on EOTD. After that by trilateration which identifies the position of mobile phone. These methods are not used in Wi-Fi indoor environment because of Wi-Fi limitation and short range and inside the building the signal strength SS, is weak as compared to outdoor environment15]. Accuracy and Precision are the required main factors in indoor localization, weak signals degrade the accuracy of positioning [Ing06 16 ]17]. Indoor positioning detection is achieved by using Wi-Fi signal strength (SS), and formulae to locate user’s position. Wi-Fi signals are of radio waves where movements of signals are dependent upon frequency [Mah12 18 ]. Signals are transmitted by Access Point’s (APs) in all directions regarding their signal strengths. Wireless router can cover an area of about 100 feet i.e. (30.5 m).Recent research work shows that received signal strength indicator (RSSI) localization of an object or target is achieved quite accurately. RSSI is measured in dBm. From different APs the RSSI values are observed on the basis of these values of RSSI the location can be observed between the Transmitting AP and the Receiving node. Mathematically RSSI is ten times logarithmic ratio of received power signal and reference power (i.e. 1mW)19] which has an equation of RSSI ÃŽ ± 10 log P / Pref (2.1) Power is dissipated from a source point by moving further, the relation between distance and power (P) is inversely proportional to square of distance (S) travelled. Mathematically RSSI ÃŽ ± log (1/ S2) (2.2) The attraction of RSSI is that calculation and measurements are almost very simple and less time consuming rather than using other methods. Problems and Degradation of Signal Strength Indoor environment faces a lot of problems due to which weakness in the strength of the signal occurs due to path loss as it becomes weaker as the distance increases from the origin. Different barriers occur in the direction of signals such as sun or rain drops also effect the strength of the signal, even it occurs very rarely but it has its influence with signals, the structure of the building which have many walls, doors, windows, glass, concrete, shelf’s and penetration from the floors, the result is in the form of attenuation. Interference is another problem with other wireless station with in an office or a building. Signal Attenuation in Static Environment When Electromagnetic waves strike with a wall or any other barrier as it passes through, Thus the wave becomes further weaker because of reflection that starts when it strikes the barrier. Another main factor is absorption which is converted in the form of heat and its impact is very small that it cannot be noticed by human. Loss is related to the size of material, focusing on its thickness, attenuation effect of glass is higher than brick walls. These factors have a critical impact especially by using the methods to measure distances by measuring the signal strengths. Attenuation in Signals By User’s By experiments it is concluded that with the presence of users the signal strength is changed. The signal strength is thus weakening due to the human’s in an environment. The radiations are partially absorbed as human body contains water in their bodies and this attenuation occurs in the signal strengths. Location of a mobile device with signal strength map relates measurements with a SS map. Two approaches are for measurement matching either Deterministic or by Probabilistic. Map-based systems are identified by signal strengths SS, in two steps i.e. (Offline step and Online step). The Offline step creates a map of signal strength. The Online step relates with the signal strength maps previously built. For both of steps, two approaches exists Offline step is achieved through measurements or with simulation. The Online approach consists of matching measurements of the signal strength SS, with the map content which was as above said that matching can be achieved either by Deterministic or probabilistic. But creating the signal strength map with simulation requires a great work for building a propagation model that computes signal strength map. Focusing on study that is simulating the signal propagation for creating signal strength map that relies on propagating based positioning techniques, but there is a difference among both systems. Positioning system using propagation based technique does not know mobile’s location; therefore it does not look into having obstacles between mobile and transmitters. On the other hand signal strength mapping are associated with SS values for knowing its geographical coordinates. It has the ability for looking in the obstacles in models such as Motley-Kennan. With the availability of SS map, positioning mobile is built by the content of the map with signal measurements which are provided by mobile or architecture of wireless network that matching may be Deterministic or by Probabilistic approach. Deterministic matching is a simple method for mapping SS, which has a database of all access points within its coverage area and having an average value for signal strength for every Access Point (AP). The matching may be at single point or at several points, where the average value of its coordinates are taken. Probabilistic matching is not a simple method as it required greater data for mapping the signal strength. Probability distribution is used to provide signal strength values. Matching is done by probabilistic methods which are based at Gaussian’s model i.e. CMTA. Other models include Histogram which is done for signal strength distribution. Inconsistency is one of the properties for indoor radio wave propagation. It implies very close values of signal strength for two models in space; description is in two geographical points are opposite and very far from each other. Paramvir Bahl proposed an idea for enhancing positioning estimation considering the previous locations for eliminating the ambiguities in location which relies on Viterbi-like algorithm. Positioning is a main factor in deploying a Wireless Local Area Network. The other hardware or technologies which are used for localization are Active Badge System which works on Infrared sensors detectors that are used to detect the signal’s from Mobile Stations (MS) Active Badge; the central unit processes the data and determine location of mobile stations. But the main drawback of infrared signals is due to its short range and interference from fluorescent light in indoor environment and from sunlight. Cricket system uses RF receivers and ultrasound to get information about time of flight and works on Multilateration for estimating location. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based technologies systems (i.e. SPOTON) and LANDMARC systems are also studied. Other hybrid systems like Zigbee radios are proximity sensors, which improves accuracy in positioning system that are WLAN-based.

education Essay -- essays research papers

The dynamics of the student population yields no two students who are exactly alike. For this reason, it seems unreasonable to use one form of instructional materials, curriculum delivery, and assessment standards for all students. Educators realize that students learn at different rates and through different avenues. Individualized instruction approaches attempt to make the learning experience suitable for each student in terms of his or her learning needs, interests, and developmental level. Individualized instruction programs focus on objectives that are personal for each child. The child is an active partner in decision-making in terms of activities, subject matter, and assessment. Because students learn at different rates, individualized instruction is flexible in instructional pacing and the scheduling of class material. Individual instruction should be varied for each student in order to provide a variety of learning modalities best suited for the student. Teachers must be de dicated to curriculum planning and instructional decision-making, and encourage students to be responsible for their learning and take an active role in the learning process. Individualized instruction is not just a philosophy, but rather is comprised of a specific plan for meeting every student’s educational needs. Individualized instruction begins with a system to diagnose student strengths and weaknesses. Teachers use this pre-assessment to define goals for the student and understand their academic interests. The next step is to determine the best possible arrangement to group students for instruction, whether it is by needs, interests, or developmental levels. Once the teacher has determined student needs and organized the students into groups for effective instruction, the teacher must decide how to instruct the students to produce maximum benefits for each individual student. This includes instruction delivery, course content, integrated activities, and a learning time frame. In order to evaluate the student’s progress, a design for record keeping and a variety of assessment techniques must be must be made. The purpose of this paper is to design a plan for implementing an individualized instruction program in mathematics education. The plan will focus on mathematics content in 4th to 5th grade. The content area for this plan is geometry, and will include components of mea... ...many tests do. Students must show that they can apply their learning to novel places and demonstrate a technique for using mathematical strategies. These performance tests will be beneficial for problem solving tasks, manipulation of objects, construction activities, and identifying patterns and relationships. Performance tasks can be evaluated in real-learning situations or learning centers through teacher observation using a rubric with performance indicators. This way, the teacher can describe the mathematical processes that the student is capable of doing, rather that simply assigning an arbitrary letter grade, which only compares a student with his or her peers. Achievement tests have their place in the evaluation process. While the process is nearly as important as the product, as educators, we want students to be solving problems appropriately. Parents, administrators, and school board officials (as well as teachers) want to know that students are learning skills that follow the curriculum. Additionally, students need to know that they are solving problems correctly, and if they are not, the teacher needs to determine why that is the case. Evaluation of This Plan Appendix

Success: You can do it! Essay -- essays research papers fc

You can do it! -SUCCESS- Success is to fulfil a goal that you have set for yourself. Achievement of success involves five components: realisation, confidence, motivation, action and perseverance. Step one is to realise your goal and how to achieve it. Step two is to have the confidence to take the steps towards your goal. Step three is to find motivation to keep you on the path towards you goal. Step four is action, the first physical step you take in the process for success. Step five is perseverance. On the road to success, you will most definitely come to setbacks and struggles. The only way to conquer those things and achieve your goal is to have strong perseverance. As David Brink said, "A successful person is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks that others throw at him." Step 1 – Realisation To start your journey to success, you will first have to realise what your goal is and what you will need to achieve it. Ross Perot realised his goal was to start a data processing company. He realised he needed to borrow one thousand dollars to start it. I have realised my goal to become a great filmmaker. I realised to achieve that goal I needed to get experience in the film industry and needed to do a Film and Television course at university. A lot of people have failed to achieve their goal because they have failed to realise clearly what their goal is and what they needed to reach it. You must not make hasty, unsure decisions. Realisation involves careful investigation. Step 2 – Confidence â€Å"Confidence is the door to success† (Mary O’Hare Dumas). If you do not have confidence in your goal and believe you can reach it, you will fail before you even begin. To achieve your goal you are going to need to depend on other people, whether it is for funding or moral support. If you do not show confidence in your goal, no one will have confidence in you. They will not want to support you and you will not be able to accomplish your goal. You also need confidence in yourself. If you lack confidence you will become discouraged and this will make your goal impossible to attain. I am confident that my goal is achievable and am thinking positively which will keep me encouraged. Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson, Britain’s greatest naval hero, knew confidence. His confidence in his ability to win any naval battle caused him to not lose... ...backs, you must persevere. When you come to an obstacle, you need to re-evaluate your plans to achieve your goal and consider revising them. The key of success is not to give up when you approach a problem, but work out a way to get past it and achieve success Realisation, Confidence, Motivation, Action and Perseverance are the ingredients for success. You need to: realise what your goal is and know clearly what you have to do to achieve it; be confident in the fact that it is achievable for you; have a motivation to fuel your efforts on the path to success; put your plans into action; and persevere when you hit setbacks. If you follow these guidelines, you will achieve personal success. Bibliography Brown, J. 1996, The life and times of Lord Nelson, The Book Company Pty Ltd, Sydney Miller, N. 2000, Broadsides – The age of fighting sail, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York quoteland.com - Quotations on every topic, by every author, and in every fashion possible (online) retrieved via the Internet 18 February 2002, http://www.quoteland.com Perot '96 - Ross Perot: Biography (online) retrieved via the Internet 18 February 2002, http://www.perot.org/hrpbio.htm

Elective Affinities by Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Essay

Edward and Charlotte are a middle-aged couple, happily married, and who live comfortably in a considerable estate in early 19th century Germany. Edward was an only child, and thus was accustomed to getting what he wanted from life. Charlotte was a strong, level-headed woman, who, in spite of being at about the same age as Edward, displayed a character that was far more mature. The characters lived a relaxed, nobleman’s life, and Charlotte spent most of her time arranging and decorating the area around their land. The couple had loved each other in the past in their youth; however they were married to different people to satisfy the wishes of their parents. Both of their spouses died early, and Edward, after traveling abroad, came back and married Charlotte. The two were discussing their great fortune at still having time to cherish the moments they never had in their youth, but Edward had other plans. His best friend, the Captain, wanted a job that would suit his multiple talents, and Edward felt obliged to hire him and have him stay with them. Charlotte opposed the idea at first, but assented afterwards, but revealing to Edward that she felt the same with Ottilie, her niece who was not adjusting very well to school. The Captain was the first to arrive at the estate. In little time he got acquainted with his surroundings, and set about to change them to what he felt was better taste than what Charlotte has done. Charlotte became busy with other things, including correspondence with officials from the school where her daughter, Luciana, and Ottilie were studying. Luciana was a great student and she was always at the top of her class. Ottilie, on the other hand, was a shy and timid student, but the Assistant to the superior saw a potential in Ottilie that nobody else did. Edward, Charlotte and the Captain were enjoying each other’s company, and on one particular discourse they discussed among them the elective affinities, the tendencies of chemical species to combine with certain substances in preference to others. They related the somewhat obscure subject matter to themselves, and whether these affinities apply to human relationships too, unknowingly foreshadowing their ultimate fates. Ottilie arrived at the estate shortly afterwards, and although a timid girl, she was exceedingly beautiful that the company was inspired by her presence. She quickly became efficient at managing the household, which delighted Charlotte, who was spending more and more time with the Captain due to her desire to see the fruits of his plans for the estate. Edward then, found himself spending more time with Ottilie, who he quickly grew fond with. The plans for remodeling the estate were numerous, and the four all contributed plans towards the final end. Ottilie’s suggestion on the placement of a new house was unexpected because she was so timid, but everybody agreed with it. The Captain busied himself with the remodeling, and although he felt an attraction to Charlotte he thought the better of it and tried to stay away from her. However, he resolved to finish the new house’s foundation on Charlotte’s birthday, which he did. The day after Charlotte’s birthday, two visitors arrived at the estate, the Count and the Baroness, who were unmarried lovers as well. In observing their hosts’ situation, the Baroness deduced that Edward and Ottilie were lovers, The Count meanwhile had noticed the Captain’s usefulness, and intended to hire him, much to the hidden despair of Charlotte who was also very much in love with the Captain. With Ottilie still on his mind, Edward nevertheless goes to his wife and spends the night together with her. The day after, Ottilie revealed to Edward that she loved him, something that he was exceedingly happy about since he shared the intense feelings as well. Charlotte and the Captain had an adventure of their own, in which the Captain kissed her and apologizing afterwards. Charlotte recognized that she had an obligation to her husband, and thus cut short the affair with the Captain. Ottilie and Edward estranged themselves from the two others, while their passion grew with letters and secret correspondence with each other. Edward became busy with the preparations for Ottilie’s birthday, as the Captain was making preparations for his departure to the Count. On Ottilie’s birthday, Edward was ecstatic—he prepared an extravagant gift of cloth and made preparations for a big fireworks display. When a certain embankment fell to the water and almost caused the drowning of a party-guest, everybody felt that further festivities were no longer proper, except the now madly-in-love Edward. After the Captain’s departure, Charlotte tried to save their marriage by sending Ottilie away, but she failed when Edward, not knowing what to do, decided to go away himself. Otillie, saddened by the loss of her love, nevertheless kept her faith that he would come back for her. Edward wrote a letter to Charlotte that kept Otillie with her until Edward’s return. Charlotte learned shortly after that her night with Edward during the Count’s visit conceived a child, and through Mittler, her ambassador at the moment, relayed it to Edward, Mittler, a once-minister who thought all marriage is sacred, set to Edward to try to mend their matrimony. Upon learning of the news, Edward is more confused and sets off with a death wish to join the armed forces. By this time, the Architect, a pupil by the Captain, had taken over remodeling of the estate. With an affinity for the arts, Otillie becomes attached to the Architect, albeit only thinking of him as a comfortable brother. In Edward’s absence, Luciana returns from school with a bridegroom, and she magnifies the difference between her and the timid Otillie. After Luciana left, the Assistant comes to see Otillie—he too is in love with her, but Otillie’s heart is unattainable. She becomes attached to Edward and Charlotte’s baby, Otto. After his stint in the army, Edward returns with a clear mind—he is going to take Otillie for himself, and engages his best friend—now a Major—to help him get a separation from Charlotte. An accidental encounter along the lake reunites Edward and Otillie, but afterwards Otillie’s carelessness caused the drowning and death of Otto. When the Major arrives to tell Charlotte about Edward’s proposition, she is still shaken by the death of her son. Otillie, in guilt, resolved to renounce Edward and her love for him after the Major left. Plans were made to return Ottilie to school; however, Edward caught her in a hotel on the way there. Ottilie had renounced Edward, and thus spoke not a word to him, but she went back to the estate. Once back, Edward, the Major and Charlotte tried to make her speak once more, but she did not. In fact, she was starving herself secretly, and she died afterwards. In a short time, Edward, who could not live without Ottilie, found no reason to live either, and followed his love to the grave.

Clothing and Zara

Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) (Keller, 2008) Salience Zara is a well-known and ranked number one clothing brand in Spain, and it is the brand chain store of the Inditex Group owned which ranked number three in the world (INDITEX Group, 2012). Zara used fast fashion model – limited and variety. Zara resist a trend within the worldwide industrial- product manufacturing in low-cost area. That prove its product has a certain quality. Related to fast fashion, Zara has asserted that it only needs 2 weeks time to design and develop a new product on store shelves.Moreover, the main work like design, production and delivery are proceeding in Spain and via it business model system, Zara can directly know which type of the goods are popular and almost sold out in a short period of time, and the types of the undesirable goods. It can easily to know the buying behaviors of the customers and can control the amount of the product. E. g. colorful cloths are desirable and almost sold out, the designer/factory can use this information to design/produce more types of colorful cloths via the system.Or the colorful cloths are undesirable then the designer/factory may stop to design/produce the similar cloths directly. It lead Zara’s product are low cost, low storage, low price, fast design, variety types and more flexible. Performance Refer to resist product manufacturing in low-cost area that the products of Zara must have a certain quality. Although there have many similar competitors such as H&M, Forever 21, etc in the market. Zara insist the mass production processes retain in Spain and Europe (Figure. ) rather than in Asia area, it proves the product is reliability, durability and serviceability. Zara is not easy replace by the competitors due to produce in Europe which is more durable than produce in Asia country (Figure. 3). In addition, related to fast fashion, the design is creative, especially and diversified. The price is valuable as a result of the ch ange of the design is faster and variety as well as limited amount, the chance of the customers buys or wears same clothe are declined. Figure. 2- a tag of Zara’s cloths show Figure. – a tag of H&M’s cloths show â€Å"Make in Morocco† â€Å"make in China† Imagery Zara is a fashionable and particular brand of fashion family clothing, which composes with the design and the retail of fashionable clothes for kids, men, young girl and women (Zara, 2012). The target consumer is young people with higher income and high education level, mainly 20-35 year-old customer, they have higher awareness in fashion and have spending ability, but lack the ability on buying a product of high-class luxury brand.Zara provide inexpensive products frequently to meet this population’s needs. It has four product lines, kids for children; Men for boy and men; Trf for lady and girls; women for middle class women and office lady. Also, customers would regular to search the new products in the store to ensure they can buy the favorable products themselves due to fast fashion model. Judgment Refer to the fast fashion, Zara rarely promote discount strategy. It only has 1-2 time of regular on sales.Also, the products are limited and variety, if the consumers who haven’t buy the products at the first time, a risk of they can not buy afterward will exist. Therefore, the consumer will buy quickly when they unable to wait until the end of the season or the regular on sales. That is utilizing the mentality of consumers, it lead the goods of the company almost sold out within a short period of time, only a small quantity of unpopular products remain at the end of the season or the regular on sales.Feelings Zara is a middle class level fashion brand, the target consumer is young people with higher income and high education level, and they have higher awareness in fashion and have spending ability, but lack the ability on buying a product of high-class luxury brand Zara provide cheap products frequently to meet the needs of this population. Also, Zara’s customers have owned self-respect and social approval, because of the street style are popular in the western, many well-known international odels and stars are becomes the customers of Zara, even Michelle Obama (the wife of the President of the United States) ((Figure. 4) and Kate Middleton ( the Princess of British) (Figure. 5)are buying Zara’s clothing. Figure. 4- Michelle Obama wears Figure. 5- Kate Middleton wears Zara’s cloths Zara’s cloths Resonance The impression of Zara is fast fashion. It supplies a limited amount of a variety of clothing, it lead a concept â€Å"When a thing is scarce, it is precious. † Also, it makes fashionable be the sense of community.Zara advocates the design of the products can satisfy the targeting customer’s needs and demands. It lead customers always buy luxury fashion style clothing via an affordable p rice. According to below (Figure. 6) and (Figure. 7) are related the profit of Zara in 2011 and 2010. It shows that the profit in 2011 is more the 2010. And (Figure. 8), it show the profit is continuously increase from 2006 to 2010. All figures mean the profit increase included new buy and re-buy. Zara has built a relationship with the customers and they would regular to search the new products in the store. Clothing and Zara Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) (Keller, 2008) Salience Zara is a well-known and ranked number one clothing brand in Spain, and it is the brand chain store of the Inditex Group owned which ranked number three in the world (INDITEX Group, 2012). Zara used fast fashion model – limited and variety. Zara resist a trend within the worldwide industrial- product manufacturing in low-cost area. That prove its product has a certain quality. Related to fast fashion, Zara has asserted that it only needs 2 weeks time to design and develop a new product on store shelves.Moreover, the main work like design, production and delivery are proceeding in Spain and via it business model system, Zara can directly know which type of the goods are popular and almost sold out in a short period of time, and the types of the undesirable goods. It can easily to know the buying behaviors of the customers and can control the amount of the product. E. g. colorful cloths are desirable and almost sold out, the designer/factory can use this information to design/produce more types of colorful cloths via the system.Or the colorful cloths are undesirable then the designer/factory may stop to design/produce the similar cloths directly. It lead Zara’s product are low cost, low storage, low price, fast design, variety types and more flexible. Performance Refer to resist product manufacturing in low-cost area that the products of Zara must have a certain quality. Although there have many similar competitors such as H&M, Forever 21, etc in the market. Zara insist the mass production processes retain in Spain and Europe (Figure. ) rather than in Asia area, it proves the product is reliability, durability and serviceability. Zara is not easy replace by the competitors due to produce in Europe which is more durable than produce in Asia country (Figure. 3). In addition, related to fast fashion, the design is creative, especially and diversified. The price is valuable as a result of the ch ange of the design is faster and variety as well as limited amount, the chance of the customers buys or wears same clothe are declined. Figure. 2- a tag of Zara’s cloths show Figure. – a tag of H&M’s cloths show â€Å"Make in Morocco† â€Å"make in China† Imagery Zara is a fashionable and particular brand of fashion family clothing, which composes with the design and the retail of fashionable clothes for kids, men, young girl and women (Zara, 2012). The target consumer is young people with higher income and high education level, mainly 20-35 year-old customer, they have higher awareness in fashion and have spending ability, but lack the ability on buying a product of high-class luxury brand.Zara provide inexpensive products frequently to meet this population’s needs. It has four product lines, kids for children; Men for boy and men; Trf for lady and girls; women for middle class women and office lady. Also, customers would regular to search the new products in the store to ensure they can buy the favorable products themselves due to fast fashion model. Judgment Refer to the fast fashion, Zara rarely promote discount strategy. It only has 1-2 time of regular on sales.Also, the products are limited and variety, if the consumers who haven’t buy the products at the first time, a risk of they can not buy afterward will exist. Therefore, the consumer will buy quickly when they unable to wait until the end of the season or the regular on sales. That is utilizing the mentality of consumers, it lead the goods of the company almost sold out within a short period of time, only a small quantity of unpopular products remain at the end of the season or the regular on sales.Feelings Zara is a middle class level fashion brand, the target consumer is young people with higher income and high education level, and they have higher awareness in fashion and have spending ability, but lack the ability on buying a product of high-class luxury brand Zara provide cheap products frequently to meet the needs of this population. Also, Zara’s customers have owned self-respect and social approval, because of the street style are popular in the western, many well-known international odels and stars are becomes the customers of Zara, even Michelle Obama (the wife of the President of the United States) ((Figure. 4) and Kate Middleton ( the Princess of British) (Figure. 5)are buying Zara’s clothing. Figure. 4- Michelle Obama wears Figure. 5- Kate Middleton wears Zara’s cloths Zara’s cloths Resonance The impression of Zara is fast fashion. It supplies a limited amount of a variety of clothing, it lead a concept â€Å"When a thing is scarce, it is precious. † Also, it makes fashionable be the sense of community.Zara advocates the design of the products can satisfy the targeting customer’s needs and demands. It lead customers always buy luxury fashion style clothing via an affordable p rice. According to below (Figure. 6) and (Figure. 7) are related the profit of Zara in 2011 and 2010. It shows that the profit in 2011 is more the 2010. And (Figure. 8), it show the profit is continuously increase from 2006 to 2010. All figures mean the profit increase included new buy and re-buy. Zara has built a relationship with the customers and they would regular to search the new products in the store.

Nurse Practioner Admission Essay Essay

Since graduating in 2008 with my diploma in nursing, I have had many personal and clinical experiences. The challenges I have faced have facilitated my competency as a nurse and increased my desire to continue my education in nursing. My introduction to emergency room nursing was during my senior year as a nursing student, as a patient care technician. Even though some days were trying and there was a lot of learning to be had, I almost immediately knew this is where I belonged. I have continued my career in the emergency department, where I have been working as a registered nurse for 5 years. During my career I have performed in many different roles, including patient care technician, new graduate nurse, staff nurse, triage nurse, preceptor and mentor for students and new employees, and even the role of charge nurse. The challenges of working in a high volume emergency department, caring for a diverse and complex patient population have been abundant. Emergency nursing is my passion and I am driven by the opportunity to expand my knowledge base and nursing practice. Now that I have fulfilled my goal of completing my bachelors in nursing, I aim to challenge myself further by obtaining a master’s of science in nursing. The independence and autonomy required to provide high complexity care is crucial in an emergency setting and these traits are what draw me to the role of a nurse practitioner. My experiences as an emergency room nurse have enhanced my knowledge and ability to manage and care for critically acute, as well as chronically ill patients varying in ages from infant to elderly, with different cultural and religious backgrounds. Becoming a nurse practitioner will allow me to continue providing care to varying populations, with a variety of health issues, while still giving me the opportunity to make a difference in people’s health and overall well-being. My professional goal is to use my studies and skills to become the most competent clinician I can be, while maintaining one of the most important qualities, compassion. Becoming a nurse practitioner who treats the whole person and not just a medical condition is very important to me. The diversity of the emergency room has taught me that providing excellent care is much more complex than treating an illness. Each patient has unique needs and the ability of the healthcare provider to tailor their approach in assessing and treating each patient is crucial in providing optimal care. Follow through is an aspect of nursing that I look forward to in the role of nurse practitioner, as the setting I currently work does not often allow for this. In the emergency room, we stabilize patients and then they are moved to another department or unit; we infrequently know the final outcome or see the end result of our care. Building on existing skills and the opportunity to implement new ones, such as this, to better serve and assist the same patient population is what pushes me to continue my education in nursing. I thrive in situations that are challenging and intense, which the nurse practitioner program will prove to be. The lifelong reward of a career that has meaning and value to me is worth the sacrifices. I am confident with my experience, the skills I have developed and the challenges I have faced, not only in my career but in life, I am capable of succeeding in almost any situation and I look forward to the challenges and success of becoming a nurse practitioner.

Review of Marie Antoinette the Movie

Movie Review: Marie Antoinette As we all known the reign of Queen Marie Antoinette ended quite brutally with her head being cut off during the French Revolution. However, this movie tries not to displace such gruesome details. It merely ends with the royal family in a carriage on their way to Paris or others might call it ‘their doom’. Marie Antoinette, the movie was written and directed by Sofia Coppola starring Bring It On’s, Kirsten Dunst. In this movie Kirsten Dunst portrays Marie Antoinette how many of us believe she was. My view of Marie Antoinette seems a little bit less innocent however. In this version of the royal families’ life they aren’t mean or vindictive they’re plainly quite naive. They do not realize how much they are spending they just care about having fun and being care free. Being a girl I personally love shoes and the shoes that Marie Antoinette had designed were beautiful. There was a large array of colors and styles that drew them instantly to the eye. As well as shoes the costumes in the film we’re beautiful. There were many different gowns in baby blue, pink, and cream. I extremely liked how in the scenes in the Retreat house Dunst wore white peasantry dresses that almost made her look angelic. Throughout the beginning of the movie there was quite a lot of comic relief. Whether it is from the king’s mistress or something else. The best part by far is when Dunst is standing waiting to be dressed, naked, and her undergarments keep getting handed off because new women of higher class than the last keep coming into the room. Dunst is standing they’re freezing trying to understand French society and so far she thinks it’s quite blatantly absurd. I don’t blame her seeing as how these women are taking quite a long time coming in and taking their gloves off. If you were to only to watch the first half of the film you might even think it to be a comedy. Marie Antoinette was a lovely film. Filled with many twists and turns that were unexpected which in turn made the movie interesting and exciting to watch. Even though it runs for two long hours and twenty horrific minutes, it does not seem so at all and you will be pleasantly delighted by the end I guarantee it.

Secret to Success

Everybody wants to judge themselves to the lens of a moment. They want to be cool right now and they are asking themselves, â€Å"What's the least I need to do to feel invigorated? What's the least I need to do to be successful?† Once I stopped asking these questions and I started thinking about really who I could become and really harnessing the human ability to adapt what people need to ascertain. Humans have become the apex predator not by being the toughest, not even by being the most intelligent but rather by being the most adaptive to change and when you realize all of us are born with nothing. Our job isn't to be peerless today. It is to build ourselves brick by brick and that is what separates the illustrious from everyone else. It's about actually delivering a result. We all have things that we're believing for, dreams that we want to attain but sometimes as it goes on month after month even year after year, we don't see anything changing. It's easy to get disheartened and think, â€Å"This is never going to happen. I'll just learn to live with it.† We all go through despondency, setbacks, and loss. Pain is a part of life; they don't leave us the same. Now, how it changes you is up to you. The challenge is don't just go through it, grow through it. There will always be forces trying to induce us to settle where we are. Life has a way of pushing our dreams down. They can become buried under discouragement, past mistakes, and low self-esteem. It's easy to settle from mediocrity even though we have all this potential obscured on the inside. Turn it all around and remember our aspirations. Stop worrying about the echo and start cogitating about the shout. Believe in who you can become tomorrow and let every day until the day you drop. Be about ringing that potential out of yourself, building something and becoming competent of something today that you weren't capable of yesterday of asking yourself how far you can go of becoming obsessed with that process and no longer thinking about the end. When you assimilate the difference between no longer focusing on being a titleholder and instead of delivering a championship performance, everything changed because it's the people who build themselves into someone who can give championship performances that win. The people you see who are victorious are the ones who tough grind every single day. They're the ones who have decided to keep working on enriching themselves and their work every time someone told them they weren't good enough or they weren't what they were looking for; the ones who never took no for an answer, who kept pushing forward when the world was telling them to quit because those were the people with a vision and a dream. These are the secrets to success, never giving up even when the cards are all dealt against you because they are just human. They had a goal but they didn't stop pursuing it, no matter what life threw their way. Having a strong will is a must and don't take no for an answer if it's what you really want. That's how you make it and that's how you become successful.

Law of succession Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of succession - Assignment Example Browne. The deceased will of Mr. Harbottle was homemade and was formulated in the year 2010 on 22nd March. Circumstantially, Mr. Browne appointed Ms. Josie Morrison, who is a professional solicitor of Morrison and Jeffries LLP with the aim of advising him with regard to certain issues with respect to the will signed by Mr. Harbottle. To be specific, in the will, the name of the executor who is Mr. Browne has been misspelled as ‘Mr. Brown’. Moreover, the address of Mr. Browne has been inscribed wrongly in the will which has again raised confusions regarding the gains of Mr. Browne from the will by Mr. Harbottle. Furthermore, as the will was roughly torn, which damaged the date of signing the will, the specifications mentioned in the same became hardly interpretable that again increased confusions. Additionally, the last two letters of the surname of the testator was also found torn wherein Mr. Browne denied any such careless act from his end and also did not depict any si gnificant interest of the gifted amount of ?50,000 being wealthy in his own right. Sometimes back, Mr. Browne formulated his will and assigned Harriet Reid, the accountant of Mr. Browne, to be his executor. Mr. Browne further deciphered his unwillingness to accept the gift offered through the will by Mr. Harbottle in order to prevent high tax imposition. Mr. Browne has planned to provide this sum to the daughter of his gardener, Mary Stapleton for her university study. Additionally, the case scenario depicts that Mr. Browne is pleased with the service of Ms. Morrison and has therefore planned to pay her a sum of ?5000 be means of inheritance in his will. The will of Mr. Browne also specifies that if she dies before Mr. Browne, the sum will be paid to her husband. Discussion The Issues Which Are Identified In the Case Mr. Browne has observed that there are number of issues in relation to the deceased will of Mr. Harbottle. As Mr. Browne is the ultimate executor of the will, he has ra ised the issue that his name has been misspelled as ‘Brown’ instead of ‘Browne’ in the will. Moreover, Mr. Browne has also noticed that the address which has been mentioned in the will is inappropriate or wrong as Mr. Browne resides in a different place when the will was formed. Additionally, Mr. Browne and Late Mr. Harbottle were dweller of a same village but Mr. Browne could not remember to promise to execute the will of Harbottle owing to the absence of any deep relation with Mr. Harbottle. However, Mr. Browne is willing to carry out the will even though he is reluctant to accept the entire amount gifted due to tax implications and has thus planned to gift the amount to his gardener’s daughter if obtained [Wilson v. Beddard (1841) 12 Sim. 28]1. In this regard, Mr. Browne is seemed to be confused about the procedures which are required for the appropriate execution of the will. Contextually, it is important that the name as well as address of an ex ecutor or executors should be mentioned in detail taking into account the up-dated data for better validity of the will. Eventually, the misspelled name of the executor may restrict Mr. Browne from executing the will of Late Mr. Harbottle. Moreover, the address of Mr. Browne was also mentioned as incorrect. As per the ‘Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975’ the name and address of an executors or executors are required to be mentioned correctly for the appropriate execution of the will of a late person2 [Barrett v Bem [2012] EWCA Civ 52]3. Furthermore, an