Marketing Mix and its Importance for the Marketers Essay

Promoting Mix and its Importance for the Marketers - Essay Example Throughout the years, more Ps have been recognized to address the inventive highlights of the most recent items and administrations. Recently, a lot of four Cs has likewise been presented by different scholars trying to redo the four Ps to make them more client driven. As indicated by Lauterborn, the four Cs speak to shopper, correspondence, cost, and comfort (Burgers, 2008, p. 3). Shimizu has characterized the four Cs as item, correspondence, cost, and channel (Solis, 2011, p. 201). Essentially, item in C is equivalent to item in P, correspondence in C expands the idea of advancement in P, cost in C is the substitution of cost in P, while direct or comfort in C assumes the idea of position in P to the following level. The item or ware accentuates on the significance of the physical qualities of the item or administration that incorporate yet may not be constrained to the size, weight, and measurements of the item, and the materials utilized in it. Item is vital on the grounds that t his is the thing that the customers need and the marketers’ whole advertising system depends on. In the contemporary age, one component that the customers are especially inspired by and which the advertisers should along these lines place enormous accentuation on is the development. Different elements that are additionally significant incorporate the item or service’s condition kind disposition, and ease of use. Cost or cost is the total of the whole qualities traded by the purchasers. The cost is dictated by the advantages shoppers are probably going to accomplish by having the item or administration being presented by the advertisers. This is the main factor in the promoting blend that decides the marketers’ incomes and hence, its job in the showcasing destinations can't be overestimated. Spot is a significant component in the advertising blend and is very vital in that the maximal achievement of the item or administration relies on the ideal area of its prese ntation in the market in light of the fact that an item or administration would possibly be well known among the shoppers if its highlights are predictable with their way of life, standards, and qualities, notwithstanding their necessities. Advertisers utilize the dissemination channels to make their items and administrations accessible to the buyers. Spot enables the advertisers to portion the items and administrations to guarantee their ideal utilization. Advertisers use advancement to promote their items and administrations with the goal that the purchasers become acquainted with about it. Advancement is additionally a similarly key and significant component of the promoting blend as spot on the grounds that maximal mindfulness about an item or administration is made by publicizing it on such stages and mediums that are most generally seen as well as visited by the purchasers. Different hypotheses including the arrangements of Ps and Cs have been acquainted with fill in as a rule for the advertisers. Promoting blend encourages the advertisers to concentrate and endeavors the correct way with the goal that the item or administration they present isn't just of tremendous worth and use to the buyers however has enough extension in the market within the sight of comparative items or administrations to acquire the advertisers their proposed benefits from making it. The showcasing blend is of tremendous essentialness to the advertisers since it encourages them in the dynamic both before the dispatch or an item or administration and after it has been propelled. Advertisers use promoting blend displaying to accomplish this. â€Å"Marketing blend demonstrating is a factual examination that connects different factors, including advertising, deals exercises, tasks and outside elements, to changes in purchaser conduct, for example, securing, deals, income, and retention† (Brooks, 2011, p. 2). Showcasing blend model

Grand Canyon Essays - Quake, English-language Films, Films

Terrific Canyon The film Terrific Canyon includes numerous considerations and emotions. The film comprise of numerous characters, whose lives run in equal, and frequently contact one another, subsequent in some unexcepted occasions and connections. The incorporating topic of the films is that life, and the individuals who live those lives, figures out how to over come difficulty. The misfortune comes as sudden and unmeaning viciousness. We see the characters' lives abruptly punctuated by occasions over which they have no control, and which are aimlessly. However their lives, albeit incidentally lost course, keep up themselves and here and there become enhanced. The vulnerability of the human condition is made even all the more obvious by man's relationship to his condition. This is exemplified by The Fantastic Canyon, which moves wonder of one character specifically, and which, at the finish of the film, gives the background to the end scenes of dissimilar individuals meeting up. The film additionally has different subjects resound as under flows to the focal subjects portrayed previously. The different universes of the urban poor and rural rich are differentiated. These universes involve the equivalent existence, yet infrequently contact, aside from snapshots of stringing brutality and abandoned obliviousness. These pictures possess the initial scenes of the film. The road b-ball, played by ruined, downtown pre-adulthood and grown-ups, shows the destitution of ages caught in a lifestyle. An elderly person looks on through the steel fence at the ball court, showing that despair is all that one age offer the following. These scenes are shot in dark and white, without shade of life. These scenes are stood out from the vivid shots of the expert ball game, with cheering, well-off, overwhelmingly white group, and a field brimming with business premium and cash. The game is the same, however the universes that they are played in are unheard of to one another. A second sub topic of the film is the mistake of human relationship, however how they are given new expectation by new connections. We see the floundering marriage of Mack and Claire. The floating of Otis from his family to the road groups. The bombed endeavor of Mack to start and double-crossing undertaking with Lisa. These bombing connections are diverged from the delight of the new relationship among Claire and her received child, Simon and Jane, and Roberto with his new sweetheart. These are cutoff points of Lisa new relationship with a cop. What's more, Simon declares his adoration for Jane. A some relationship blur, others are fueled. Brutality is an exceeding topic in the film. Each character experiences a fierce scene, over which the individual in question has no control. The viciousness is of the exceptionally normal kind that happens ordinarily in the city. The brutality isn't continuously man's making. A gentle earth tremor is sufficient to instigate a coronary failure in one of the fringe characters. The respiratory failure, similar to the earth tremor itself, is surprising and not emotional. The earth shudder additionally connects to the subject of man's minor significance to nature, and the world in general, as it has existed for many years before humanity. The Grand Canyon thinks about the hardships of mankind, or people who make up that race. In general, this film neglects to convey all that it guarantees. It doesn't make me think and think about its substance, yet then a decent book would have done considerably more adequately. The film is excessively long and in the end lost my intrigue. The makers neglected to persuade me that they had anything significant to state. Rather, they were substance to indicate shades of significance. I would suggest the film, yet not to be paid attention to as it might want to be.

Things to Consider When Writing a Paper With Border Graphics

Things to Consider When Writing a Paper With Border GraphicsWhile it may seem as if the idea of writing a paper with border graphics is to take up precious space and increase the size of the paper, this is not necessarily the case. In fact, you can use border graphics to enhance the look of the paper and add important information to your paper. Here are several things to consider when creating a paper with border graphics.When it comes to writing paper with border graphics, one of the most important things to consider is the color scheme of the paper. The good news is that many papers now come with colors specifically for the purpose of making the border and graphics stand out. This is a good thing since a well-placed border or graphic can be used to add useful information to the paper.Another thing to consider is the type of font styles on the paper. While you can choose a standard font style for the border and graphics, fonts that are at the same level of quality can be used for th e paper. Since you want your paper to be able to highlight important information, there are some guidelines that you should follow to help you determine which font styles are right for the paper.It is also a good idea to make sure that the paper is sturdy. This is true whether you are using borders and graphics. Borders can help give your paper the appearance of being heavier than it really is, but this can also make the paper difficult to write on.While it may seem like border paper is a waste of space, this is not always the case. You can use borders as a means of increasing the size of the paper and the overall readability of the paper. This can be especially important when you are taking notes, as any misspelled words can be very difficult to read if they are larger than the paper.Finally, you want to make sure that you are ready to cut your paper to size. The reason this is important is because a lot of times, papers are folded differently. Therefore, you may find that cutting the paper to size is something that you do not want to do.If you happen to notice that you have a certain section of the paper that you are not sure about, it is wise to first take a piece of the paper to the printer. This is because there are often instructions that need to be followed in order to properly cut the paper to size. Remember, even the simplest paper with border should be cut to size before it is put into the printer.If you take these things into consideration, you will find that creating a paper with border graphics is much easier than you may think. While you do not want to take up valuable space, you can add a little something extra to your paper by using border graphics. For this reason, you will want to make sure that you prepare ahead of time so that you do not have to rush when you go to make the final cuts to get the best quality possible.

Workplace Motivation - 1770 Words

Motivational programs provided to employees can prove to be very useful tools to increase motivation from the employees, reduce employee turnover and help to maintain skilled and talented personnel. Strategies used to influence employee loyalty can be intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is explained as ones personal incentive to engage in an activity for a feeling of personal satisfaction and accomplishment without expectation of external rewards or recognition. Whereas, extrinsic motivation is defined as using external incentives such as prizes, money or rewards to motivate an individual to complete a task or engage in an activity. Thus, this paper will first examine how various motivational strategies†¦show more content†¦The sales team was expected to handle increased responsibilities by implementing the objective to develop service and manage end-user accounts, solicit government bids and contracts, respond to requests for bids while servicing our larger accounts as well as servicing and phasing out the smaller accounts. This transition would require management to place a demand for increased productivity until the objectives were achieved. Sales team members would be expected to work longer hours during the week and come into the office on weekends in order to handle and complete their paperwork and use the regular business hours for selling time. However, once the objectives were successfully attained the outcome would result in returning to the standard work hours, more profitability for the company and larger paychecks, commissions and bonuses for the salespeople. Management also asked us for ou r suggested approaches to achieve the goal. We were also asked for our opinions, concerns and feedback regarding the objectives. Initially, the sales team reacted with fervor, enthusiasm, and excitement to be asked to spearhead the transition and to be a part of the companys changing history. However, aside from me, no one made any attempts to implement the change. Instead, my team mates became adamant, disagreeable, and inflexible to the need for increased productivity, increased responsibilities and increased work hours; they preferred that the company remain at status quo.Show MoreRelatedMotivation in The Workplace1771 Words   |  8 Pagesrequirements of their job, but are experiencing shortcomings in doing so, many times it is believed that worker motivation may be the root of the problem (Laird 95). What, though, is work motivation? According to Laird (2006), â€Å"motivation is a fundamental component of performance â€Å" and â€Å"is the reason that someone chooses to do some things and chooses not to do others†. In other words, work motivation is what energizes workers to the level of ou tput required to fulfill a task, directs their energy towardsRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On The Workplace759 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic in the workplace that I have chosen to discuss is that of motivation in the workplace. Problems of motivation can cause performance issues, which cost businesses thousands of dollars each year (Nordmeyer). Low motivation delays employees from completing their work and causes many mistakes made within the workplace (Nordmeyer). The definition of motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, as well as persistence of effort, towards attaining a goal (RobbinsRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1504 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Honore (2009), James Lindner (1998), and an article by Fred Herrera (2002). All three articles discussed the topic of employee motivation in the workplace. The authors examined several motivational theories and put forward their ideas on the concepts and application of motivational techniques. The authors’ work provides insight into the psychology of motivation and the different factors and theories that affect it. My conclusion is in line with the authors’, motivated employees are needed forRead MoreWorkplace Motivation Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to motivation because this works want to get high quality .However, there are some problems which face so many people during the motivation . So there are a lot of theories appeared to help people to get the best motivation. What is the motivation .To reply this question that means you can understand the motivation also you can know how do you deal with problem motivation. There are a lot of definitions for motivation some people make briefly definition for motivation ,thatRead MoreMotivation in the Workplace Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesto and if they do not receive what they deserve the situation may board on injustice. Unfortunately in today’s society justice and appreciation are not given out to all those deserving (Pinder, 1998). A major problem to address is how to keep the motivation level high in a company when the employees do not feel appreciated. The Equity Theory touches on the effects these situations have on the employee’s motivational level. In society today employees are constantly comparing how they are treated comparedRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1413 Words   |  6 Pagesproduct and or quality is of the same caliber. The key to an employee performance is motivation. The expression, you can lead a horse to water but you cannot force it to drink water, can be seen within the human race. The purpose of this paper is to discuss motivation in the workplace. To have a successful company, employee must be motivated enough to work and get the job done. One way have success in the workplace is to define the morale and motivate employees. The human resource department orRead MoreAchieving Motivation At The Workplace1177 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: 1. What is the best way to achieve motivation at work? Explain your answer with reference to relevant literature and examples. Problem Statement: Achieving motivation at the workplace is extremely important as the desire for workers to perform more efficiently and higher in terms of quality can directly influence the overall performance of a company (Ridgeway, 1982). Thus, discovering the best way to achieve motivation at work is a very necessary topic to be discussed. However, the definitionRead More Motivation In The Workplace Essays1605 Words   |  7 Pages Motivation in the workplace is one of the major concerns that managers face when trying to encourage their employees to work harder and do what is expected of them on a day-to-day basis. According to Organizational Behavior by John R. Schermerhorn, James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn the definition of motivation is the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a persons effort expended at work. They go on to say that motivation is a key concern in firmsRead MoreThe Effects Of Motivation On Motivation Within The Workplace1001 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation is necessary for employees to grow and stay satisfied with their jobs and their current employer. Motivation is a driving factor that leads people to work harder, produce higher quality work, and contributing to the factor of overall satisfaction, which leads to better employee retention. Everyone is unique, with their own set of unique values and ideas. To be successful in instilling motivation within a company there has to be multiple strategies in place to reach each individual. ARead MoreMotivation in the Workplace Essay1781 Words   |  8 PagesMotivation is a very broad term that is discussed in a variety of settings. There is the motivation to perform in a business setting, the motivation to perform on the field of competition, the motivation to provide for friends and family, and the motivation to accomplish goals that have been set. These are all various motivations that any one person can be involved with at any time. According to Maslow, motivation always exists within a person and in various forms, â€Å"...motivation is constant, never

Disparity and Discrimination Essay - 790 Words

Many different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, ect. Erik Erikson was known as the first person to use this term in 1966 explaining the inhumanity of human groups and human subgroups. For†¦show more content†¦They look inside his car and ask him for license and registration. â€Å"The police stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites. In New York City, where people of color make up about half of the population, 80% of the NYPD stops were of blacks and Latinos. When whites were stopped, only 8% were frisked. When blacks and Latinos are stopped 85% were frisked according to information provided by the NYPD. The same is true most other places as well. In a California study, the ACLU found blacks are three times more likely to be stopped than whites† (Quigley, 2012, Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). Hegemony Felluga, (2011) â€Å"Hegemony is the processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position† (Hegemony). For example, a leader who was able to have control over a group of people might be referred to as hegemony. To keep the populations as a whole form rebelling against leadership hegemony has to have the support from at least one dominate class of people. Disparity vs. Discrimination Disparity in the criminal justice system refers to inequity of arrest and sentencing for certain groups of people. Most of the time it is refers to racial and ethnic disparity while discrimination can be defined as a prejudice. There is a difference in disparity however; the difference does not mean discrimination. For example, A person is arrested for burglary because of the person past crime history, and because this personShow MoreRelated Disparity and Discrimination Essay example836 Words   |  4 PagesDisparity and Discrimination According to Webster’s Dictionary, the proper definition for discrimination is: 1 a : the act of discriminating b : the process by which two stimuli differing in some aspect are responded to differently 2 : the quality or power of finely distinguishing 3 a : the act, practice, or an instance of discriminating categorically rather than individually b : prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment (Webster’s dictionary). Discrimination has been aroundRead MoreRace, Capital Punishment, And The Cost Of Murder884 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will critique â€Å"Race, Capital Punishment, and the Cost of Murder† by M. Cholbi. The critique will discuss and point out some unnecessary concepts and flaws in the author’s argument along with logical fallacies. The author appeals for a moratorium among capital punishment due to racial disparities. This essay will analyze the author’s paper on the subject of race and capital punishment. The subject of capital punishment is controversial, as some citizens believe capital punishment is unconstitutionalRead MoreThe Issue Of Racial Discrimination985 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a rainbow of issues that the United States judicial system has when it comes to racial discrimination. However, the most costly and the most disheartening of these issues is racial discrimination in the death sentencing process. The death penalty is a hot button top ic in the United States. It has always had its critics and has always had its issues. However, the issue of racial discrimination is the most dangerous issue inherent in the death penalty because there is another human being onRead MoreTheories of Intersectionality and Oppression1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept that all oppressions are inherently linked underlies the theory of intersectionality that implies interactions of multiple systems of oppression, discrimination, and exclusion. Although we have been exposed to an extraordinarily wide variety of literature throughout the semester, with various standpoints, from very different regions of the world– the one unique concept in which they share is this underlying theme of intersectionality. In their own way, each author points out that we mustRead MoreThe Effects Of Racial Discrimination On Brazil s Situation By Disproving The Idea That It Is A Racial Democracy1603 Words   |  7 PagesWriter’s Statement In my writing, I wanted to portray the negative effects of racial discrimination while also criticizing Brazil’s situation by disproving the idea that it is a ‘racial democracy’. Furthermore, through the use of Brazil, I also wanted to bring awareness to the inequality that is present not only in Brazil, but also in the entire world, potentially even making a call for action. To do this, I decided to focus mainly on using statistics to clearly demonstrate this inequality, appealingRead MoreWomen in Business Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesfew individuals ever get to their targeted career position. How many of those in leadership positions are women? How many of them men? Generally the few who navigate their way to the top have learned to read their maps, but there is a surprising disparity as to who makes it and who doesnt. People in leadership positions face overwhelming challenges to get to their positions. Not surprisingly the ones who make it to the top are predominately men, yet its even more of a challenge if youre a womenRead MoreThe New Immigrant Worker : The Effect Of Skin Color And Height, By Joni Hersch Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesFrom evidence based practice, it has been proven that racism and discrimination is evident in our society. As defined by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"racism is the poor treatment or violence against people because of their race; and discrimination is the unfairly treatment of a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people† (Merriam Webster, 2015). When immigrants settle into America, they are pursuing happiness, sovereignty and a new beginning. However, for count less immigrantsRead MoreThe Social Equity Of Human Capital, Employment Discrimination946 Words   |  4 Pagesbarriers to communicate effectively is common for immigrants. Additionally, immigrants language barriers may expose them to adverse social effects such as employment discrimination, inability to attain access to health care and emotion strains. Therefore this essay will examine the social equity of human capital, employment discrimination, limited access to health care and the emotional impacts when subjected to bullying. Immigrants who lack competence in English suffer disproportionately from unemploymentRead MoreThe Longest War Rebecca Solnit Analysis882 Words   |  4 PagesWriter and activist, Rebecca Solnit, addresses the issues of gender inequalities and violence against women in her essay â€Å"The Longest War.† Solnit’s purpose is to shed a light onto the inequitable and often detrimental treatment of women, and to emphasize the need for change. She utilizes a compelling, matter-of-fact tone to optimize the effect her words will have on her readers, both male and female. â€Å"The Longest War† by Rebecca Solnit employs the rhetorical strategies of substance and context toRead MoreThis Brief Essay Studied The Uninsured And The Health Care1602 Words   |  7 PagesThis brief essay studied the uninsured and the health care disparities they face. Essential Affordable Care Act provisions and their effects were studied. Critical factors affecting the health care of the uninsur ed were identified; these included race, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic status, culture, language and income. Several research studies concluded that while access to health care has improved, the quality of this care has not improved for the uninsured. Although the number of uninsured has

Concert Report Essay - 454 Words

On June seventh at eight o’clock pm I attended a concert at Beneroya Hall. The concert was part of the Masterpiece series, performed by the Seattle Symphony and conducted by Hermann Michael; also including a special performance by the pianist Hà ©là ¨ne Grimaud. The performance included four pieces, two by Ludwig Van Beethoven, one by Maurice Ravel, and the last was by Richard Strauss. The two pieces by Beethoven were; Overture to The Construction of The House, and piano Concerto No. 4 in g major, Op. 58. The piece by Ravel was Pavane for a Dead Princess. Finally the last by Strauss was Death and Transfiguration. I truly enjoy going to the symphony, the music is quite a bit better than on any type of recording I have ever heard. The segment†¦show more content†¦She was so into the music, swaying around almost dancing over the keys. I’m not even sure if her eyes were open half the time. She just made the show. I also found out that I still have a lot to learn about music, because well after intermission it was enounced that there would be no break between the last two pieces. The last two pieces sounded a lot alike and I never noticed a real break between the two so I’m not sure when the Death and Transfiguration started and when Pavane for a Dead Princess ended. There must be a lot of differences between the two I just never could distinguish what they were. I will have to spend the rest of my life learning about music that no one else I know likes, and just go to concerts alone, and occasionally tune my radio to KING Fm. But that’s ok I will look forward to the challenge. During Intermission I’ll just have to strike up conversations about the pieces that were played in the lobby and in the line of the ladies restroom. (I think I figured it out, what you ask did I figure out, well the piece Overture to The Construction of The House Op. 124, what I’m referring to. I’m pretty sure that it was written about the time that the House of Lords in London was being rebuilt. Something about a devastating fire and then a huge design and construction competition over the new rebuild of The House. I even saw one of the designs on the Antique Road Show; it was a huge highly detailed painting that would completely cover aShow MoreRelatedConcert Report : Concert 753 Words   |  4 PagesMusic 21 Concert Report I went to a chamber music concert called Attravereso il Mare, on October 17 at 8 pm at Boston Court located in Pasadena. This project performs Italian-American songs which represent the Italian-American culture. My friend and I arrived 1 hour early, and people kept coming. Most of them are family and friends, and only few of them were coming alone, but they all had more concert experience than me because this was my first time attending any kind of concert. This concert was inRead MoreConcert Report On Music Concert1143 Words   |  5 PagesName Music32 Concert Report Professor Name 2015.6.2 Music Concert Report On Sunday, May10 2015, a concert was held in The Broad Stage. The concert was played by Santa Monica College Symphony Orchestra, whose conductor is Dr. James Martin. For this concert, I would identify myself as a referential listener at this concert. I say this becauseRead MoreConcert Report1222 Words   |  5 PagesSleeping Beauty Lauren Lehman On April 21, 2014 I watched the online performance of Sleeping Beauty performed by the Jacobs School of Music at the Musical Arts Center in Indianapolis. I have never personally been to the Musical Arts Center, but from the online streamed video, the place looks magnificently huge and phenomenal. The stage was absolutely stunning. It was big, vibrant, and breathtaking. It made it look as if you actually went back in time and were a part of the performance. TheRead MoreConcert Report690 Words   |  3 PagesThe concert that I attended was the Euclid quartet at the first Presbyterian Church. The church itself wasn’t very big but there was a lot of people there and it made it really hard to find a parking space. On the inside the church looked like any ordinary chapel. The large amount of people that were there were dressed very nice and once again I was under dressed. I did however notice more students at this one than I did at BVSO and they were also underdressed which made me feel better. The performersRead MoreConcert Report : Concert At Duke University Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesConcert Report The concert that I attended took place inside Nelson Music Room at Duke University. The room was on the smaller side but had balconies for people to sit so they could watch the performance from up high. The floors were carpeted and they had theater seats that folded back when the seats were done being used. The music room had a wooden stage towards the font-center of the room and the room itself was located on the bottom floor of the building. Most of the audience consisted of familiesRead MoreJazz History Concert Report On The Concert1638 Words   |  7 PagesJazz History Concert Report The date of the concert was October 5, 2016 and the title of the concert is â€Å"Experimental Improvisation with: Kjell Nordeson Peter Kuhn†. The concert was performed in Mesa College Music building. Peter Kuhn had three instruments with him a bass clarinet, saxophone, and a Bb Clarinet. He used the bass clarinet and the saxophone during his first piece, and the clarinet on the second piece. Kjell Nordeson was on the drum but had a lot of instruments with him. SometimesRead MoreConcert Report : Concert At Hostel Pangea970 Words   |  4 PagesConcert Report #1 Last Saturday I attended a small concert in Tijuana, Mexico. I went to a Jaeng Band concert at Hostel Pangea. Hostel Pangea is a small coffee and bar place located in Tijuana. It hosts events and workshops for all ages. It was not what I expected, since it was my first time in a punk/rock concert. I actually thought I would feel very uncomfortable and out of place, but not, it was a very friendly place, and all the people there were very nice and outgoing. It was a great experienceRead More Concert Report Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthis concert report I chose to go to a performance of student composers held at the Kimball Recital Hall. I chose this one because I wanted to see some of the talent that my peers have in the music realm, and also it was one of the only concerts I have been able to attend because I usually work at night. It was impressive to hear pieces composed by students. I cannot imagine creating something as complex as a musical composition, much less actually performing it, so this aspect of the concert wasRead MoreConcert Report Essay594 Words   |  3 PagesSpreckles Organ Society’s Organ Concert Dr. Carol Williams’s organ plays were just fantastic. Despite the fact that seeing the instrument called, â€Å"organ† was my first time, it was pretty impressive how that instrument worked. All the pedals and the three layers of keyboards were just as complicated as a calculus math problem. The concert was played at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion at Balboa Park. The surrounding was not too bad. Although the concert day was Sunday, it was quite crowded. BesidesRead Moreconcert report Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿McKenzie Maxwell Professor McDaniels MUSI 1306-303 22 October 2014 Concert Report One: Marion Anderson String Quartet Concert I chose the genre string quartet and attended a concert at First Presbyterian church on October 19th, 2014. Because of its location the sanctuary where the concert took place had many stained glass windows. It was marvelous and in my opinion well suited the feel of classical music. The audience was very responsive and attentive. They applauded when the musicians appeared

Managing Motivation in a Difficult Economy free essay sample

â€Å"Organizational Behaviorâ€Å" Case Study â€Å"Managing Motivation in a Difficult Economy† Question 1: Based on the five management systems introduced by Claussen, the dependent and independent variables are as follows: Independent Variable * Age * Tenure * Management style * Area * Job satisfaction Dependent Variable * Turnover rate * Sales Profit * Employees productivity| From above it can be noticed that there are different independent variables that affect the dependent variables.Age has an impact on the turnover rate, sales and productivity; it has been perceived that older employees are more experienced, can provide better feedback, have a strong work ethic, commitment to quality, lower rate of absence, and are generally more satisfied of their work. But at the same time they lack flexibility and resistance to new technology. Tenure is positively related to both productivity and job satisfaction and negatively related to turnover and absente eism; when age and tenure are treated separately, tenure is considered a more stable consistent predictor of job satisfaction than age. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Motivation in a Difficult Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Management Style has also an impact on our dependent variables, the more the employees feel engaged, empowered, participate in decision making (even if it is an indirect participation), and the more management is open, fair, transparent, supportive, shares information and provides clear communication messages, interacts with staff; the more the employees are satisfied with their jobs which will eventually lead to less turnover and more productivity. In addition to above Area as an independent variable contributes to the dependent variables; urban areas are most likely to have a younger force on average, whereas rural areas the workforce is older in average. Job satisfaction, could be considered either a dependent or an independent variable depending on the hypothesis. In our case we are considering job satisfaction as an independent variable based on the statement â€Å"increases in job satisfaction lead to reduced turnover and increase in productivity†.Question 4: a. Although program V has been selected by the majority of stores (87) followed by program I (83 stores), but still this does not influence our conclusion on the effectiveness of the five introduced programs, the more important factors that need to be taken into consideration are the average turnover and profit. When looking at the average turnover rate, program IV scored the lowest turnover rate 17%, followed by program V (scored 21%).Whereas when comparing t he weekly profit per month, Program V scored the highest profit $14,000, followed by program IV $ 13,000. Despite the fact that the monthly staff time cost for program V ($2,750) was much higher than the one related to program I, II and III, still program V managed to retain the highest net profit as shown in the below chart . B. Enabling Mangers to select their specific program, makes them feel more involved, engaged and participating in decision making which are considered as important elements for any job satisfaction.On the other hand managers may have different objectives views (bias) that could affect the intended results. If only one program has been chosen a clearer analysis could have been conducted, as for the current case the different variables are causing different results. C. Randomly assigning different conditions to the stores will omit any bias caused by managers due to their way of thinking that sometimes is not in line with their employees’ perspectives, benefits, etc†¦Question 5: The changing nature of the workforce at Morgan-Moe’s drug stores is known as Workforce diversity which addresses differences among people within countries. To work effectively with employees from different cultures, management needs to understand how their culture, geography, and religion have shaped them and how to adopt management style to their differences.To capitalize on diversity, comprehensive workforce programs needs to be implemented; such programs teach managers the legal framework for equal employment opportunity, how a diversity workforce will be better able to serve a diverse market of customers and clients, and they foster personal development practices that brings out the skills and abilities of all workers, acknowledging how differences in perspective can be a valuable ways to improve performance for everyone.Due to the Changing nature of the economy and the economic pressure management needs to focus more on issues like stress, decision making and coping. In the goods times understanding how to reward, satisfy, and retain employees was at a premium. The participation of a more experienced workforce helps these programs as it is associated with knowledge, better judgment, wisdom, lower rate of absence and a higher performance quality.The introduced programs might work differently in countries that are not doing so poorly, especially the programs related to meeting with employees and brainstorming as employees will have time to meet and discuss their performances and ways to improve, whereas if there is lack of staff they will be focusing more on keeping the stores running and leaving meetings and brainstorming sessions for management That’s what management is for as indicated by one of the store managers.

Ethnic Diversity Essays - Social Inequality,

Ethnic Diversity Affirmative action can be defined as action taken to compensate for past unfairness in the education of minorities. The current system of affirmative action allows universities to admit applicants from certain ethnic and minority groups with lower credentials. The main purpose of affirmative action is to produce a diverse campus population that is comparable to today's society. The use of race as a facto by which someone is admitted to college in the long run will compromise the quality of the university. Implicating affirmative action to solve the problem of diversity on today's campuses has lead to the creation of problems. The discrimination against Caucasian and Asian American students a long with the toleration of lower quality work produced by African American students and other minority students is an example of the problems caused by Affirmative Action. Although affirmative action intends to do good, lowering the standards by which certain racial groups are admitted to colleg e is not the way to solve the problem of diversity in America's universities. The condition of America's public schools is directly responsible for the poor academic achievement of minority children. Instead of addressing educational discrepancies caused by poverty and discrimination, we are merely covering them up and pretending they do not exist, and allowing ourselves to avoid what it takes to make a dent in them--augmenting Head Start, improving high schools and spending more equally among schools (Jacoby 36). The implication of racial preference has given high schools permission to replace the tradition of achievement with a culture of entitlement. The feeling of the absence of enthusiasm for achievement is illustrated by John O'Sulllivan editor of the National Review hen he said, Restoring high standards in high school will take time; but it will not even begin until the corrupting influence of racial preference is removed. By not admitting under qualified minority students to America's premier universities, for example Stanford, hey have not been sent to exile. There are an enormous amount of top quality schools which they can attend and still achieve their dreams. Students admitted under the affirmative action plan are accepted with SAT scores 200 to 300 points lower than that of their Asian American and Caucasian competitors. The undergraduate admission process at the university of California at Los Angles is based on two standards. These standards are academic rating which are test scores and grades second are the supplemental ratings. These sees the students socioeconomic or educational disadvantages. UCLA then ranked each perspective student from 1, the highest, to 6, the lowest. UCLA accepts 40 to 60 percent of their students strictly on academic premise, but they do not achieve desirable diversity with theses students. The second group of students accepted contains those whose combine academic and supplemental rating give them an overall high sco re. In this group students with a low academic and high supplemental rating could till be acceptor. Of the 6,801 students accepted on their academic criteria lone, only 77 or about 1 percent were African American. Of Asian American and Caucasian students 81 percent had an academic rankings of one or two. For the African American and Mexican applicants less than 13 percent of those admitted had an academic rankings of 1 or 2. UCLA is significantly lowering the standards by which they are accepting minorities in order to achieve diversity. It is ludicrous to try to establish racial report nationalism in university entrance as a test of a system's excellence. The most important thing is the number of students who graduate with good marks. Once admitted, the performance among affirmative action students and other students differs. Among white and Asian American students, at lest 80 percent of them graduate within 5 years. Less than half of the enrolled African American students graduate in that amount of time. In the class of 1990 admitted at UCLA, the average Caucasian grade was just above a B while the African American average was just above a C. It is unreasonable to think that the students admitted through affirmative action will be bel to produce the same quality work that the better qualified students can. Studies done at the department of education how that Hispanics will leave college early

Ethical Considerations in Respect of Advertising, Sales Promotion, Pricing, Product Packaging and Obsolescence Essay Example

Ethical Considerations in Respect of Advertising, Sales Promotion, Pricing, Product Packaging and Obsolescence Essay Example Ethical Considerations in Respect of Advertising, Sales Promotion, Pricing, Product Packaging and Obsolescence Paper Ethical Considerations in Respect of Advertising, Sales Promotion, Pricing, Product Packaging and Obsolescence Paper Assignment: Ethical considerations in respect of advertising, sales promotion, pricing, product packaging and obsolescence. 2011 Introduction Ethics is concerned with what is right and what is wrong. Ethics relate to moral evaluations of decisions and actions as right or wrong on the basis of commonly accepted principles of behaviour (Dibb et. al. , 1997), in other words, ethics are the moral principles and values that govern the actions or/and decisions of an individual or group. They serve as guidelines on how to act rightly and justly when faced with moral dilemmas. Sometimes the line between what is considered ethical and unethical is difficult to distinguish since what is right and wrong differs depending on such factors as nationality, culture, sex etc. Ethics is individually defined and may vary from one person to another. Many people wrongly assume that only actions that violate laws are considered unethical. Some activities can be unethical even though no laws are violated, for example, it can be considered as unethical activity for companies to aggressively promote unhealthy food to children though such promotional practices are generally in the world not viewed as illegal. It is believed that good marketing is ethical marketing. Practicing ethics in marketing means deliberately applying standards of fairness, or moral rights and wrongs, to marketing decision making, behaviour, and practice in the organization. While the most basic ethical principles have been codified as laws and regulations to conform to the standards of society, marketing ethics goes beyond legal and regulatory issues. Ethical marketing practices and principles are the main that establish trust, which will help to gain and maintain the reputation of the company and to build long-term marketing relationships. The purpose of this assignment is to define and explain ethical marketing considerations in respect of advertising, sales promotions, product quality, packaging, obsolescence, pricing and consumer manipulation. Promotion and advertising Some marketing activities may create ethical issues, for example, false, misleading and negative advertising, manipulative or deceptive sales promotions etc. An ethical issue is an identifiable problem, situation or opportunity requiring an individual or organisation to choose from among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical. Any time any marketing activity causes customers to feel deceived, manipulated or cheated, a marketing ethical issue exists, regardless on the legality of that activity (Dibb et. al. , 1997). The visibility of advertising, coupled with its role as persuasive communication, results in it being the area of marketing most affected by ethical issues. The major ethical issues in advertising and sales promotion are their misleading or deceptive aspects and the social harm attributed to advertising. Unethical actions in advertising can destroy the trust that customers have in the company. First to mention is false, deceptive or misleading advertising. As advertising has the potential to persuade people into commercial transactions that they might otherwise avoid, many governments around the world use legal regulations to control false, deceptive or misleading advertising. An advertisement is deceptive if there is a representation, omission or practice that is likely to mislead consumers in a material way – and is therefore ethically wrong. Advertisers must be able to substantiate claims about product performance. Second to mention is advertising that involves ambiguous statement – statements using words so weak that the viewer, reader or listener must infer advertisers’ intended messages (Dibb et. al. , 1997). Third to mention is advertising that involves violence, profanity and propaganda of sex. Fourth to mention is attack advertisements that unfairly denigrate competitors, so called negative advertising. In negative advertising, the advertiser highlights the disadvantages of competitor products rather than the advantages of their own. Sales promotion Personal selling as a type of sales promotions is to be mentioned regarding ethical issues, because some consumers may perceive salespeople as an unethical when persuading and pressing to purchase the products that they neither need nor want, so called high-pressure selling. A common problem in personal selling is judging about what types of sales activities are acceptable and what are not. Although most sales people are ethical, some do engage in questionable actions, such as aggressive and manipulative tactics, or not telling the customers the truth about the product, or making customers to believe that they will get more value than they actually do. Deceptive or misleading promotion â€Å"includes practices such as overstating the products’ features or performance, luring the customers to the store for a bargain that is out of stock, or running rigged contests† (Kotler et. l. , 2002). Pricing Ethical pricing means such type of pricing so as to avoid taking undue advantage of the highly price-inelastic demand for a product (Schoell, 1990). Price fixing (bid rigging), predatory pricing (dumping), failure to disclose the full price associated with a purchase, price discrimination, price skimming, price cartels and price wars are typical ethical issues in pricing policies. Most of the pricing policies mentioned above are illegal. The emotional and subjective nature of price creates many situations in which misunderstandings between the seller and buyer cause ethical problems. Marketers have the right to price their products so that they earn a reasonable profit, but ethical issues may crop up when company seeks to ear high profits at the expense of its customers. (Dibb et. al. , 1997). Product packaging Deceptive packaging includes exaggerating package contents through subtle design, not filling the package to the top, using misleading labelling, or describing size in the misleading terms (Kotler et. l. , 2002). Product obsolescence Product obsolescence can be planned and functional, planned obsolescence means a strategy of causing products to become obsolete before they actually need replacement (for example, electronics, fashion and computer industry) (Kotler et. al. , 2002), but functional obsolescence occurs when technological breakthroughs render an existing product out-of-date. Three types of planned obsolescence exist: postponed, internationally designed and fashion or style. Postponed obsolescence means holding back and adding product improvements until present inventories run out or demand falls out sharply. Internationally designed obsolescence involves designing a product, or a critical part, to wear out within a given period of time. Fashion or style obsolescence is psychological – new model cars make last year’s models obsolete (Schoell, 1990). References: Dibb, S. , Simkin, L. , Pride, W. M. , Ferrell, O. C. (1997), Marketing, Concepts and strategies, Third European edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, U. S. A, pp. 738-49. Kotler, P. , Armstrong, G. , Saunders, J. , Wong, V. (2002), Principles of marketing, Third European edition, Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh, England, pp. 43-68. Schoell, W. F. , Guiltinan, J. P. (1990), Marketing contemporary concepts and practices, Fourth edition, Allyn anb Bacon, Massachusetts, pp. 27-29, 60-64, 313, 649.

Oil and the U.S. economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oil and the U.S. economy - Assignment Example The US remains very dependent on these foreign oil reserves for its functioning economy which leaves us helpless to disruption. The US consumes more than 25% of the world’s oil and this is going up by 2% every year; 57% of this oil being consumed is imported from Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Mexico (Churchill). What this means is the US is built around the use of oil for cheap, reliable energy. The US economy, from its most basic consumer base, cannot survive without it for very long. Despite the US’s clear dependence on foreign oil the US is less dependent on this oil as it was in 1973 and 1980. According to the New York Times, â€Å"the energy used for each dollar of gross domestic product in 1980 was almost 70 percent greater than it is today. While we have collectively wrung our hands over the decline of manufacturing in the country, it has also reduced the relationship between energy prices and growth† (Goolsbee). The US commuter is more dependent than ever though. People live farther from their work and drive more. Because fuel efficiency standards in the US stopped going up in 1990, fuel inefficiency creates a higher demand among US commuter for oil to fill their tanks. When oil prices go up dramatically like in summer of 2008 the US commuter was forced to make difficult choices, and the economy scaled back because the consumer was left in shock by such high prices. This oil shock was right before the economic downturn (Panzner). On the stock market commodity prices and stock prices have an interesting relationship. When commodities go down in value, stocks usually go up in value (Mitchell). This relationship causes some people to look at oil prices in relation to the US economy as a whole when thinking about where the US economy will be going. Oil prices are a big commodity that many analysts look at, and if oil prices change, commodities in general change. This is because oil

Are American cultural myths just that--Myths Research Paper

Are American cultural myths just that--Myths - Research Paper Example This myth can be traced back to the origin of America. However, in today’s scenario, how much this myth still holds true today will be considered in this paper. America originated to provide opportunities to its entrants; however, it has not fulfilled its promise to its full extent. This fact cannot be denied that America accommodated all who entered its territories but the resident will see progress and success is not wholly true. Franklin Benjamin, in his article, â€Å"America as the Land of Opportunity† (1751), explains that America was a new land, which had space for many entrants and offered people with their bright futures. The land was very accommodative and the level of people’s profession increased with their struggle in the profession as Franklin Benjamin (1751) informs that America was a place, â€Å"where no Man continues long a Laborer for others, but gets a Plantation of his own, no Man continues long a Journeyman to a Trade but goes among those n ew Settlers, and set up for himself† and so on. Every person who entered the new land had an opportunity to see himself and his family prosperous and successful. American dream is an interrelated term with the myth of America as a land of opportunity. ... There was chance for one’s family to receive better educational, health and other facilities. The American dream allowed the new settlers to enjoy their lives the way they liked. They were given all the opportunities to lead a happy life with all the facilities that they required. There were no restrictions for the new settlers in terms of exercising their religious practices, promoting their cultures and making use of their own languages due to which, America is a multicultural country today where we can find people from diverse cultures all over the world (Cullen 126). This provides the original definition of America as a land of opportunity. Eighteenth century saw the early settlers in America while with the passage of time, people from different nations came for settling purposes to America (Brueggmann 51). These people also showed interest towards transforming their luck. They had high rated ideas about their future success and development. America as a new land offered i ts dwellers with all the chances that it could provide. However, when people assembled in America to a large extent, they faced the same deprivations as others faced in their own countries. Pete Davis (2009) explains about America’s being a land of opportunity as an image that is incorrectly built as he informs that other nations provide better facilities to their residents in terms of mobility as compared to America. People are not able to transform their status altogether because of economic problems that shift from one generation to other. According to Pete Davis (2009), â€Å"if you're born poor in America, you're likely to remain poor† because

Therapies Approaches Essay Example for Free

Therapies Approaches Essay What are the major strengths and weaknesses of the following approaches to therapy? (A) Psychoanalysis: The main goal of psychoanalysis is to resolve internal conflicts that lead to emotional suffering. Traditional psychoanalysis called for three to five therapy sessions a week, however, treatment may still go on for years for the sake of increasing the application and the accuracy of the analysis of the behavioral development of the clients attended with through the said therapy. Today through the application of the new approaches of psychology, the said therapy has already been briefed to be able to give ample and accurate solutions to issues that clients are supposed to take into consideration. This therapy is then noted for its capability to analyze the different factors that contribute to the situations that clients are primarily involved with. However, with the lengthened way of applying the process, finding solutions becomes less applicative in this manner of psychological approach. (B) Person-centered therapy: Individual-focused, this is the characteristic of this particular approach. Since it is individual, the subject becomes more concise and much easier to identify. Having to deal with the issue through the singularity of the subject actually notes the possibility of being more specific with the solutions that are formulated along the application of the therapy. However, being individually centered makes the approach less broad. (C) Behavior therapy: Behavior centered therapy incites the importance of approaching the problem through knowing who and how the person or the client is dealing with the situations that he is facing in life. Through this therapy, the examination of the situation shall be based on the ideal character of the person being dealt with. This makes the process of understanding the problem more accurate and more efficient. (D) Cognitive therapy: This therapy actually notes the process of using the attitudes and reactions of the clients to be able to create the most possible solution available for the problem to be answered. Considerably, cognitive therapy is actually an approach that estimates the specific manner by which people react to the different issues that they deal with everyday. Although effective in many ways, it is indeed noticeable how this particular therapy is subjected to some issues since people change every now and then. (E) Drug therapy: Medication may not be as effective as expected all the time. At some point, this process may even result to a more complicated problem that could be due to overdose. Although helpful, too many limitations should be considered in pursuing this particular approach in psychological therapy. References: Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise Boyd. (2007). Mastering the World of Psychology (3rd Edition) (MyPsychLab Series). Allyn Bacon; 3 edition.

Angry and Ignorant: Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College Essay

â€Å"Ignorance is bliss†. The line from Thomas Gray’s poem, Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College, published in 1747, has lasted throughout the ages due to its omnipresent applicableness. This is especially seen in the public’s view on war before World War II. Before pictures and news reports from the World Wars were publicized, the United States home front did not see a problem with going to war. All they had heard from the war was propagandize success. However, some people, like poets Carl Sandburg and Nan Braymer, knew the true brutality of war. In Buttons and Five Day Requiem for Vietnam, Sandburg and Braymer both use aggressive diction and imagery to portray different themes; Buttons creates a theme that people are often ignorant to things that are unpleasant, and Five Day Requiem for Vietnam creates a theme that loss of control can lead to anger. The aggressive diction in Buttons reflects the attitude towards war during World War I. In this time, pictures and information about the brutality of war were just getting out to the public, but most did not pay attention. Sandburg says the buttons, which represented the soldiers, were â€Å"shoved† around the map, showing that people were ignorant to the trials of war. If the people at home knew what the soldiers were going through for them, they would be more considerate to the buttons. Even the way the map was â€Å"slammed† up onto the board outside the newspaper stand was not showing it the recognition and respect it deserves. Because the people did not understand the unpleasant happenings of World War I, they did not show proper respect to the map and the buttons. Likewise, Braymer uses aggressive diction in Five Day Requiem for Vietnam to express the anger that the fighting soldie... ... devices of imagery and aggressive diction, Sandburg and Braymer both create different themes. Sandburg uses the devices to convey that people are often ignorant to that which is unpleasant to hear, and Braymer conveys the theme that loss of control can lead to anger. Even though the poems were written about World War I and Vietnam, the themes created are still seen in human nature today. There is always a problem that people choose to ignore instead of working to improve, and there will always be people lashing out due to manipulation. This reveals how, even with societal developments, human nature will never really change. Works Cited "Carl Sandburg Poems - Buttons." Carl Sandburg Poems - Buttons. Andyy Barr Productions, 1998. Web. 04 Nov. 2013. "Voices Education Project." Nan Braymer: Five Day Requiem for Vietnam. Marilyn Turkovich, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2013.

Has the Time Come to Legalize Drugs? Essay

Legalization of drugs — long an issue championed mainly by fringe groups — is rapidly moving to the mainstream in Latin America. Last week’s surprise statement by former Mexican President Vicente Fox in support of â€Å"legalizing production, sales and distribution† of drugs made big headlines around the world. Fox, a former close U.S. ally who belongs to the same center-right political party as President Felipe Calderà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n, rocked the boat at home by indirectly criticizing the very premise of Calderon’s all-out military offensive against Mexico’s drug cartels, which has cost 28,000 lives since 2006. Calderon immediately responded that he opposes legalization of drugs, although he has opened a dialogue with political parties about the future of his country’s anti-drug policies. The left-of-center Party of the Democratic Revolution announced that it supports â€Å"de facto legalization† of drugs. Fox’s statement, first published Saturday in his blog, went far beyond a 2009 joint declaration by former Presidents Fernando Henrique Cardoso of Brazil, Ernesto Zedillo of Mexico and Cesar Gaviria of Colombia. In that statement, the three former leaders questioned the effectiveness of the U.S. war on drugs and proposed de-criminalizing possession of marijuana for personal use. While the three centrist former presidents’ proposal amounted to not prosecuting people for consuming marijuana, Fox’s proposal calls for legalization of all major drugs — the whole enchilada. In an extended interview, Fox told me that he is making his proposal because drug-related violence in Mexico has reached intolerable levels, and because the experience of other countries such as the Netherlands has shown that allowing drug sales has not significantly driven up drug consumption. â€Å"Prohibitionist policies have hardly worked anywhere,† Fox told me. â€Å"Prohibition of alcohol in the United States [in the 1920’s] never worked, and it only helped trigger violence and crime.† Since possession of small amounts of marijuana has already been decriminalized in Mexico, what’s needed now are bolder steps, such as legalizing drug production and using the taxes it generates to fund anti-drug education programs, he said. â€Å"What I’m proposing is that, instead of allowing this business to continue being run by criminals, by cartels, that it be run by law-abiding business people who are registered with the Finance Ministry, pay taxes and create jobs,† Fox said. Fox called for a reversal of Calderà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n’s decision to send the army into the streets to fight the drug cartels because â€Å"the army is not prepared to do police work, and we are seeing day to day how the army’s image is losing ground in Mexico† as a result of this war. Why didn’t you come out with this proposal when you were president? I asked. Fox responded that legalization was often discussed in Cabinet meetings during his presidency, but that the urgency of such a measure has increased since â€Å"because of the extraordinary cost we are paying in a drop in tourism, a drop in investments and a lack of attention to education and health.† In a separate interview, White House drug czar R. Gil Kerlikowske told me that drug legalization is a â€Å"non-starter† in the Obama administration. Kerlikowske disputed the idea that alcohol prohibition drove up crime in the United States in the 1920s, arguing that there were no reliable crime statistics at the time. And he rejected the notion that there has been no major increase in drug consumption in the Netherlands. â€Å"In the Netherlands, consumption did go up. In fact, the Netherlands has been in the process of closing down hundreds of the marijuana cafes that had been in existence because of the problems that are occurring,† he said. My opinion: I’m not convinced that a blanket legalization of drugs would work because government regulation of the cocaine and heroin businesses in countries that already have high corruption rates would result in greater official corruption. On the other hand, it’s clear that after four years of Calderà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n’s U.S.-backed war on drugs, the cartels are smuggling more drugs, killing more people and becoming richer. Perhaps the time has come to take a step-by-step approach and start a serious debate about passing laws that would regulate legal production of marijuana, alongside massive education campaigns to discourage people from using it. Then, we could see who is right and consider what to do next. (c) Miami Herald. Miami Herald content is the intellectual property of Miami Herald. Any copying, republication or redistribution of Miami Herald content is expressly prohibited by federal law. Miami Herald shall not be liable for any errors or delays in content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon. Source: http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/08/12/1772336/has-the-time-come-to-legalize.html Commentary Number 1 The question raised in this article is a complex one. Mexican President Felipe Calderà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n’s hesitancy at enforcing drug-legalization policies is understandable, as the legalization of drugs in a drug-war-torn country such as Mexico can be beneficial or adverse from an economic point of view. One might argue that such measures would bring about a series of negative externalities on the public such as harmful health effects. A majority believes that the legalization of drugs will increase crime rates; most people under the influence of narcotics are prone to violent crimes. However, the reasons ex-President Vicente Fox has for de-criminalizing drugs appear to outweigh the adverse effects. The law of demand states that as price falls, the quantity demanded rises, and as prices rise, quantity demanded falls. This illustrates that legalization of drugs will reduce the profit criminals make. Every time the government takes hold of a drug dealer and the products he is selling, supply of the drug to the illegal drug market is reduced. If there is a reduced supply, there is an increase in price of the good. Drug-addicts are helpless, and thus they will buy the drug for the higher price, giving the criminal dealer more profit. Every time the government thinks it is winning its drug war, it is actually losing; the illegal state of these drugs aids the dealers, harming the government. Figure 2 Price elasticity of demand of a good is a measure of the extent to which the quantity demanded of a good changes when its price changes. As is illustrated on Figures 1 and 2, due to the fact that drugs are a necessity to drug-addicts, they are willing to buy pretty much the same quantity of the drug at any price, thus making the price elasticity of demand of drugs inelastic (when the quantity demanded remains similar as the price changes). If drugs are legalized, the government can benefit from its demand price inelasticity by taxing on drugs, and thus making more profit that can be allocated accordingly. Drug consumers will not care whether they are paying more than they should be and will buy the legal drug at the price it is sold legally. Other people will notice why the drug is inelastic, and will avoid them due to its addictive dangers. Thus, the absence of undercover drug dealing will show people the dangers of drugs and lead to consumers and producers providing less of the drug once the government starts taxing, thus leading to a smaller population using them. The most beneficial aspect of drug legalization in Mexico would be taxing on the drug. As demand for drugs is inelastic, the tax revenue raised will be large. Additionally, the deadweight loss (fall in total surplus consumers and producers make) will be smaller as the consumers will not consume less at first even though producers will produce at a less quantity. These are shown on Figure 3. The consumers will pay more taxes as they desperately need to buy the drug, and eventually will try and consume less when they become financially diminished. They will seek rehabilitation, and thus shrink the market for drugs. If the government correctly uses the revenues raised by taxing on drugs to promote healthcare and drug rehabilitation, the Mexican economy can cause a decline in overall drug sale and use. Figure 3 In conclusion, Mexico’s ex-President Vicente Fox should proceed with convincing the government to legalize drugs, as this measure will not only reduce consumption and production of these harmful products, but also promote society and the economy by raising revenue to enhance health and other aspects of the economy that need betterment.

How to Make a Volcano Using Pop Rocks

The classic homemade chemical volcano relies on a reaction between baking soda and vinegar to produce an eruption of foamy lava, but you can make a volcano even if you dont have these ingredients. One easy way is to use Pop Rocks candy and carbonated soda. The reaction between these two ingredients gave rise to the false notion that drinking cola and eating Pop Rocks would cause your stomach to explode. Its true the two ingredients combine to produce a lot of gas, but if you eat them, you burp out the bubbles. In a homemade volcano, you can make a cool eruption. Heres what you do: Pop Rocks Volcano Materials 20-oz bottle of any soda or other carbonate beveragepacket of Pop Rocks candy (red or orange colored flavors look most like lava)model volcano If you dont have a model volcano, you can use homemade dough to form the shape of a volcano around the unopened soda bottle. If you like, paint or decorate the dough so it looks like a volcano. How To Make the Volcano Erupt The eruption can be messy, much like the Mentos and soda reaction, so its a good idea to set up your volcano outdoors, on a kitchen counter, or in a bathtub. Otherwise, place a plastic tablecloth around the volcano to make clean-up easier.Dont open the soda until you are ready for the eruption. When its time, carefully uncap the bottle. Disturb it as little as possible, to help prevent gas from escaping.Pour in the Pop Rocks candies. One way to get all the candy into the volcano at once is to roll up a sheet of paper into a tube. Put your finger on the end of the tube to close it off and pour in the Pop Rocks. Release the candies over the mouth of the bottle. Move away quickly or youll get sprayed with lava! How the Volcano Works Pop Rocks contain pressurized carbon dioxide gas that is trapped inside a candy coating. When you eat them, your saliva dissolves the sugar, releasing the gas. The sudden release of pressure makes the popping and cracking sound  since ​the  pressure of the gas breaks out of the candy once it gets thin enough. The volcano works much the same way, except its the soda that dissolves the candy shell to release the gas. The eruption is made more forceful by the sudden release of carbon dioxide in the soda. The bits of candy provide surface area for the dissolve carbon dioxide in the soda to collect and form bubbles, which push their way out of the narrow mouth of the bottle. Things To Try If you want lava that overflows the volcano, try adding a squirt of dishwashing soda to the soda before you add the Pop Rocks. For more colorful lava, add a few drops of red or orange food coloring to the soda or else use a red-colored soda, like Big Red, or a brown soda, like Dr. Pepper or any brand of root beer. Some energy drinks are also lava-colored. At that matters is that the drink is carbonated.

Essay on Rwandan Genocide Tutsis versus Hutus - 1421 Words

Rwandan Genocide: Tutsis vs. Hutus The many tears that stream down my face cry for the generations of my kids to come. I sit here as an innocent victimized Tutsi woman, to tell you my story of the Rwandan genocide and how it impacted my people. Through many years of pain and suffering I sit here before you to relieve my anger and install my knowledge of why the Belgium through colonization only installed more love in me toward my people and hatred towards me for not being able to help my people. My name is Immaculee Ilibagiza a Tutsi woman and this is my survival, comfort story. According to the book Peacemaking in Rwanda, that I Immaculee made my children read (in order to get an understanding of why this hateful genocide of 1994†¦show more content†¦Because the genocide was, â€Å"conducted in ethnic terms† (Jones, pg. 16), I pray to God that I Immaculee can teach you my greatest gift to love your enemies for they are you. According to the book Peacemaking in Rwanda, Hutus and Tutsis had prior hate towards one another due to â€Å"wealth, military prowess, family, and control over a precious commodity, or occupation of a prestigious social position.† (Jones, pg. 18) This meant at any time my children that Tutsis could become Hutus and Hutus could become Tutsis. Due to this my children, I come before to tell you never to hate your very own people. Clan lineage in Rwanda was were, power and status placed a role in the leading of the people as that determined who was a high authority amongst the different yet similar clans. While clan l ineage played a role in who would lead the different clans, Rwanda before World War I was colonized by Germans. Sadly my kids, after World War I colonization moved on to the Belgium and this is was the day, when I saw my life flash before my eyes. The once peaceful Rwanda had changed within a day. When the Belgium came into power they â€Å"imposed on the contrary an intellectual and administrative simplification that equated â€Å"Tutsi’s† with â€Å"ruling class†.†(Jones, pg. 19) Throughout the Belgium ruling, Tutsis were the chosen ones to do all of the administrative work for the League of Nations Mandate. Due to this Belgium’s required for Tutsis to carry around cards that specifically showed andShow MoreRelatedThe Rwandan Genocide : Violent And Very Cruel Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages The Rwandan genocide was very violent and very cruel. Many people were killed and were raped. This war was not more than where you were born and what family you belong to. In 1918 Belgium took over Rwanda, but in 1933 the Belgians forced the Rwandans into two different categories. The Hutus and the Tutsis. Everything started just because it was easier to know where all the blacks were if they were in separate groups. 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The Movement International Recognition Of The Church Of...

Rastafarianism In the 1930s, right after coronation of Haile Selassie I as emperor of Ethiopia, a religious following was started in Jamaica known as Rastafari, an Abrahamic belief.The most famous Rastafari is arguably Bob Marley, whose reggae music gained the Jamaican movement international recognition. Spiritual and moral traits vary widely within the religion, causing members to either to see it as a way of life or more as a religion. But what is uniting members across the world is the messiahship and divinity of the first emperor, Selassie. Rastafarianism does not really have an organizational structure or leadership even though it recognizes people like Marcus Garvey, Leonard Howell, Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, Mortimer Planno, Vernon Carrington, Charles Edwards and Peter Tosh. â€Å"Many elements of Rastafari reflect its origins in Jamaica along with Ethiopian culture. 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The Impact of Mobile Phone in Our Daily Life free essay sample

A mobile phone can make and receive telephone calls to and from the public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed-line phones across the world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network owned by a mobile network operator. In addition to functioning as a telephone, a modern mobile phone typically supports additional services such as SMS (or text) messaging, MMS, e-mail and Internet access; short-range wireless (infrared or Bluetooth) communications; as well as business and gaming applications, and photography. Mobile phones that offer advanced computing abilities are referred to as smart phones. 2. 2 Background (History): The history of mobile phones begins with early efforts to develop mobile telephony concepts using two-way radios and continues through emergence of modern mobile phones and associated services. Radiophones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessendens invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s, hile hand-held mobile radio devices have been available since 1973. Mobile phone history is often divided into generations (first, second, third and so on) to mark significant step changes in capabilities as the technology improved over the years. Dr Martin Cooper, a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, is considered the inventor of the first portable handset and the first person to make a call on a portable cell phone in April 1973. The first call he made was to his rival, Joel Engel, Bell Labs head of research. ATTs research arm, Bell Laboratories, introduced the idea of cellular communications in 1947. But Motorola and Bell Labs in the sixties and early seventies were in a race to incorporate the technology into portable devices. Cooper, now 70, wanted people to be able to carry their phones with them anywhere. While he was a project manager at Motorola in 1973, Cooper set up a base station in New York with the first working prototype of a cellular telephone, the Motorola Dyna-Tac. After some initial testing in Washington for the F. C. C. , Mr. Cooper and Motorola took the phone technology to New York to show the public. | [pic] |The First Cellphone (1973) | | | | | |Name: Motorola Dyna-Tac | | |Size: 9 x 5 x 1. 75 inches | | |Weight: 2. pounds | | |Display: None | | |Number of Circuit Boards: 30 | | |Talk time: 35 minutes | | |Recharge Time: 10 hours | | |Features: Talk, listen, dial | In 1973, when the company installed the base station to handle the first public demonstration of a phone call over the cellular network, Motorola was trying to persuade the Federal Communications Commission to allocate frequency space to private companies for use in the emerging technology of cellular communications. After some initial testing in Washington for the F. C. C. , Mr. Cooper and Motorola took the phone technology to New York to show the public. On April 3, 1973, standing on a street near the Manhattan Hilton, Mr. Cooper decided to attempt a private call before going to a press conference upstairs in the hotel. He picked up the 2-pound Motorola handset called the Dyna-Tac and pushed the off hook button. The phone came alive, connecting Mr. Cooper with the base station on the roof of the Burlington Consolidated Tower (now the Alliance Capital Building) and into the land-line system. To the bewilderment of some passers-by, he dialed the number and held the phone to his ear. 2. 3 Literature Review: Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association conducted a research study on the selected topic before which was published in June 2007. The study was aimed to have a sound knowledge of the impact of mobile on work/life balance. Moreover the researchers wanted to find the benefits of mobile phone some of them were service provider. Their research key findings were: †¢ The lowest mobile phone use is found among those aged 60 years or more, but the mobile phone is so universally diffused that use is unaffected by income levels and occupation. †¢ The majority of users are subscribers and prepaid use is concentrated among those under 25 years. Around a quarter of managers and associate professionals have their bills paid by their employer, whereas in other occupations around 10% or less benefit from employer support. Cost is by far the major reason given for choice of handset, while there is no single factor which explains the choice of service provider. †¢ ‘Convenience’ of the mobile phone is the reason most frequently given for choosing to talk on a mobile rather than a landline. ‘Costà ¢â‚¬â„¢ is a major reason for preferring to talk using a landline rather than a mobile. †¢ There is a very high awareness of 3G (86% of males and 75% of females). But 61% of respondents indicate that they do not access internet services via their mobile phone. The lag in take-up is a topic for further research. †¢ Logs of actual calls made and SMS texts sent show that the predominant use of the mobile is for contacting family and friends, with work-related reasons far less important. Men make more calls for business purposes, while women use the mobile for social connectivity. †¢ Typically mobile phone users call relatively infrequently, with 28% making calls less than once a day. †¢ Calls cluster by time of day, according to purpose. Most work-related calls are made in standard working hours. The rate of calls to family and friends are low in working hours but high at the end of school hours and in the evening. †¢ Perceived reasons for using a mobile are talk and messages. Other uses, including data transmission, are at this point minor. †¢ Asynchronous communication practices, such as turning off your mobile to avoid being disturbed, are common techniques. Ninety per cent of the respondents ‘normally’ switch off their phone in the cinema, two- thirds switch off their phone at work meetings, and almost half turn off their phones in restaurants. Women are more reluctant than men to take their mobile phone on holiday ‘to talk to work colleagues’. †¢ A third of workers say that it would be difficult to do their job properly without their mobile. This is particularly the case for men. †¢ Half of employed respondents think that mobiles increase their workload, for 42% the effect is neutral, and a few (9%) think mobiles reduce their workload. This is offset by productivity gains. Over half (55%) of employed respondents indicate that job-related mobile calls increase their productivity. Over two-thirds of the respondents report that the mobile phone is an important medium for maintaining kinship ties, especially for women. The mobile is a device well suited to maintaining intimate relationships at a geograph ical distance. †¢ Conveying information about ‘timing of the arrival at home’ and ‘arranging to meet with other family members’ are the major uses of the mobile phone for micro-coordination. Among parents, ‘arranging to deliver goods or children’ and finding out where children are’ is rated as important. †¢ More than half of the employed respondents believe that the mobile helps them to balance their family and working lives. Very few report that the mobile phone has a negative impact on their work-life balance. The mobile phone is an indispensable part of the everyday life of Australians. More than 90% report that their lives could not ‘proceed as normal’ if they were suddenly without their mobile phone. †¢ Carrying a mobile phone makes most people (75%) feel more secure. †¢ When asked about the impact of the mobile phone on their sense of time pressure, 39% report that the mobile reduces time pressure, while 33% report it increases pressure. †¢ Most people (59%) find that the mobile phone does not affect their level of stress. Of those who report that it has some impact, respondents are three times more likely to say that it reduces their stress level. Contrary to fears about the intrusive character of the mobile phone on leisure, few respondents (4%) report that the mobile reduces the quality of their leisure time. 2. 4 Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine and compare the extent of vocational training, satisfaction in employment/careers, and socio-economic improvement of the project-assisted institute graduates and non-assisted institute graduates. The second objective was to determine and compare educational development of the project-assisted and non-assisted institutes as perceived by teachers, administrators, and current students. A final objective was to identify employers’ skill requirements for today’s work, their use of curren t technology, and their planning for perceived future trends. The overall study objective is to formulate a broad planning and development framework setting out guidelines and standards for more effective and comprehensive planning for pedestrians at different levels of planning, based on which conceptual Pedestrian Plans would be prepared for application and assessment of broad impacts and implementation mechanisms of the pedestrian planning. The Study aims to promote pedestrian planning in the plan making and development process and establish the prima facie feasibility. 3. Research Methodology 3. 1 Data Sources: Data-collection techniques allow us to systematically collect information about our objects of study (people, objects, phenomena) and about the settings in which they occur. In the collection of data we have to be systematic. If data are collected haphazardly, it will be difficult to answer our research questions in a conclusive way. Various data collection techniques can be used such as: †¢ Primary Data †¢ Secondary Data P rimary Data: Using available information: Usually there is a large amount of data that has already been collected by others, although it may not necessarily have been analyses or published. Locating these sources and retrieving the information is a good starting point in any data collection effort. For example, analysis of the information routinely collected by health facilities can be very useful for identifying problems in certain interventions or in flows of drug supply, or for identifying increases in the incidence of certain diseases. The use of key informants is another important technique to gain access to available information. Key informants could be knowledgeable community leaders or health staff at various levels and one or two informative members of the target group. It can be involved in various stages of the research, from the statement of the problem to analysis of the data and development of recommendations. Other sources of available data are newspapers and published case histories. The advantage of using existing data is that collection is inexpensive. However, it is sometimes difficult to gain access to the records or reports required, and the data may not always be complete and precise enough, or too disorganized. Observing: OBSERVATION is a technique that involves systematically selecting, watching and recording behavior and characteristics of living beings, objects or phenomena. Observation of human behaviors is a much-used data collection technique. It can be undertaken in different ways: Participant observation: The observer takes part in the situation he or she observes. (For example, a doctor hospitalized with a broken hip, who now observes hospital procedures ‘from within’. ) Non-participant observation: The observer watches the situation, openly or concealed, but does not participate. Secondary Data: 1. Press release: Standard smartphone charger to dominate in two years http://www. theregister. co. uk/2010/12/29/standard_charger/. 2. Cell Phone Battery Guide. 3. Number of Cell Phones Worldwide Hits 4. 6B. CBS News. 2010-02-15. http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2010/02/15/business/main6209772. shtml. 4. Nokia Market Share Slides Gartner http://online. wsj. om/article/BT-CO-20110209-705792. html 5. Health and Environment Science Milestones 3. 2 Survey Questionnaire: Answers to the questions posed during an interview can be recorded by writing them down (either during the interview itself or immediately after the interview) or by tape-recording the responses, or by a combinati on of both. Interviews can be conducted with varying degrees of flexibility. The two extremes, high and low degree of flexibility, are described below: High degree of flexibility: The unstructured or loosely structured method of asking questions can be used for interviewing individuals as well as groups of key informants. A flexible method of interviewing is useful if a researcher has as yet little understanding of the problem or situation he is investigating, or if the topic is sensitive. It is frequently applied in exploratory studies. The instrument used may be called an interview guide or interview schedule. Low degree of flexibility: Less flexible methods of interviewing are useful when the researcher is relatively knowledgeable about expected answers or when the number of respondents being interviewed is relatively large. Then questionnaires may be used with a fixed list of questions in a standard sequence, which have mainly fixed or pre-categorized answers. We have attached the survey question papers at the end of the report. And the analyzing of answer is: The Bad Effects |Yes |No | |Mobile kills time |25% |75% | |Destroying young generation |63. 64% | 36. 36% | |Harmful for health | 90% |10% | |Breaking close relation |36. 36% |6 3. 64% | |Making us idle |27. 7% |72. 73% | |Bad offers provide d |18. 18% |81. 82% | |Current charges |63. 64% |36. 36% | |Increasing eve teasing |27. 27% |72. 73% | [pic] 3. 3 Analyzing: The Social Impact of Mobile Telephony Mobile telephony is without doubt one of the most explosive developments ever to have taken place in the telecommunications industry. By the end of 1990 there were just 11 million cellular subscribers world-wide; eight years later that figure had jumped to 320 million and is now forecast by the ITU to exceed 550million by the end of next year. Penetration rates in the Nordic countries were close to 60% by September 1999, led by Finland (63%), Norway (58%), Iceland (56%) and Sweden (53%). Mobile growth around the world has also been nothing short of astonishing. China posted an 87% combined annual subscriber growth rate from 1995 to 1998, with other major economies like Brazil (82%) and South Africa (67%) not far behind. For the world’s poorest countries, cellular telephony and wireless local loop systems represent the best chance yet of bringing the power of telecommunications to economically disadvantaged or isolated communities. Cambodia, for example, is one of only half a dozen countries in the world where cellular subscribers already outnumber fixed-line subscribers. Without doubt, mobile telephony offers enormous advantages – added convenience, greater personal security, and the ability to take advantage of ‘dead’ time to do business on the move. But the picture isn’t all rosy. Like most young technologies, mobile telephony is experiencing its share of teething troubles, including concerns about environmental impact, health and safety, and, of course, the social changes being wrought by a technology which, by making us permanently contactable, is having a profound effect on our interpersonal interaction. A Steel-and-Concrete Jungle Many cities around the world are becoming blighted by a gaggle of ugly mobile antennae, which spoil once-pleasant views, detract from the authenticity of historical areas, and exacerbate the often already overwhelming presence of intrusive urban infrastructure such as electricity poles, telephone lines, traffic management equipment and signage. Predictably, environmental complaints have been the loudest in developed countries, where zoning laws, property rights and environmental obligations are often more strictly enforced, and where reliable access to a range of communications services is, in any case, largely taken for granted. Communities in developing countries are, conversely, often so grateful for modern communications infrastructure that they are happy enough – for the moment at least – to turn a blind eye to environmental aesthetics. In order to avoid problems with environmental groups and local communities – which can be potentially costly in terms of both legal fees and delays in network roll-out – many equipment manufacturers and operators are now working on ways to reduce the environmental impact of cellular antennas. In the Central Business Districts of large, modern cities, the problem is relatively easily solved by simply integrating a large number of small antennas into the facades of tall buildings. In suburban and semi-rural areas, on the other hand, the large, steel-grey structures needed to support larger cells are harder to hide – yet some operators have nonetheless come up with innovative solutions. In South Africa, for example, at least one operator has taken to camouflaging GSM towers in tropical palm trees – with surprisingly successful results. Elsewhere, the tall spires of churches and cathedrals are being used to hide antennas, representing a positive solution for both the general public and the religious organizations which suddenly find themselves with profitable antenna-site rental on their hands. Etiquette for the Modern Age When it comes to the undesirable side-effects of an increasingly ‘unwired’ world, poor mobile phone etiquette is today without doubt the world’s biggest collective gripe. Many companies and organizations are now taking active steps to cultivate more socially acceptable use of mobile phones, among them many of the biggest cellular operators and leading equipment vendors. Most, in fact, have now produced booklets on mobile etiquette, and have a policy of asking their own staff to turn off their phones while in meetings. At Harrod’s, in London, shoppers are asked politely to turn off their phones as they enter the store. And many entertainment venues now make announcements before the beginning of each performance asking members of the audience to switch off before the lights go down. One of Europe’s bigger mobile operators recently took the offensive by launching an advertising campaign aimed at encouraging more responsible and considerate use of cell phones. The campaign, which began with a series of cinema advertisements reminding people to turn off their phones before the movie, is targeted at people who not only take calls in socially inappropriate places, like restaurants, live entertainment events or churches, but speak so loudly that everyone in the immediate vicinity is obliged to listen to their call. This intrusive aspect of mobile telephony recently prompted a columnist in the New York Times to publish an article denouncing the technology as the ‘real’ Y2K virus. Aside from being scathingly critical of the growing number of people inconsiderate enough to inflict their calls on other restaurant diners, theatre-goers and the like, the article pointed to a more insidious problem – the tendency for mobile technologies to lead to overwork and exploitation. Indeed, growing numbers of cell phone users can frequently be heard to complain that their company now expects them to be available virtually 24 hours a day. Always contactable has come to mean always available, to the point where people are finding work taking over their evenings, weekends and even holidays. A Complex Dilemma While most handset manufacturers say the answer to this problem is simply to turn off the phone, this simple action can be a hard one for many people, especially in times of increasing stress at work. Older employees fear being considered out of touch with new working methods; younger staffers fear being passed over for promotion in favour of more ‘wired’ colleagues. Solving problems of etiquette and over-connectedness requires action from two separate camps. Mobile users need to become more aware of the fact that being interrupted during a face-to-face meeting or social engagement, or having to listen to loud conversations that don’t concern them, is a source of annoyance to most people. Mobile phone users should turn their handsets off whenever receiving a call would be inappropriate – for example, in any public place where others are in close proximity, at religious services, funerals, weddings, or in quiet places like nature reserves. New technologies like GSM’s Simple Message Service (SMS), call diversion and voice mail, and discreetly vibrating cell phones leave little excuse for bad manners. In an exceptional case when taking a call in company is unavoidable, users should excuse themselves before answering the phone, and then go to a quiet place where they can sort out their business in private. The second camp is companies – and this means colleagues and immediate bosses, not just senior management. Companies need to accord a greater amount of respect to employees’ right to personal time. Ideally they should define a corporate policy on out-of-hours calls, and ensure staff stick to it. Not only will a responsible, respectful policy on mobile phone use keep employees happier and more motivated, it will ultimately translate into greater efficiencies, since staff who don’t fear constant interruptions are more likely to make themselves available to deal with a real emergency. Safety in Numbers When people are talking on a mobile phone, they’re often paying less attention than they should to what’s going on around them. This can be dangerous in certain situations, such as around building sites or – particularly – when driving a car. One extreme case, which came to light on the international press wire services this summer, told of a man picked up while driving in the Israeli town of Netanya with a mobile phone glued to each ear. The man had become so engrossed in his conversations that he had taken to steering with his elbows – and was flagged down by a policewoman who had noticed his car weaving treacherously from side to side. While this is an exaggerated example, the use of mobile phones while driving is considered sufficiently dangerous by many governments that it is banned in at least a dozen countries, including Australia, Austria, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland. Social Outcasts or New Freedoms? The problem of social alienation is perhaps the hardest to pin down, yet is potentially one of the most destructive results of a world over-reliant on wireless communications. Sociologists are already beginning to note that many people, especially those under 30 years old, are spending a great deal of time speaking to people they are not with, at the expense of those who are actually there. A telling example comes from Finland, which has over 60% mobile penetration. There, entire groups of young people sitting together are frequently seen to be talking on their mobile phones to absent friends and colleagues. It’s the ultimate in social alienation, and indicative, say some, of a trend which threatens to eat away at our sense of social cohesion. Whether it’s the novelty of the technology or our simple need to feel wanted, the human brain seems to register incoming electronic signals as inherently more urgent and important than the interpersonal signals coming from a fellow human being in front of us. Team this with an almost universal desire to avoid personal contact – witness the popularity of every kind of impersonal invention, from e-mail and the Internet to automatic teller machines – and it’s clear that alienation could prove a serious side effect of a technology whose selling point until now has often focused on slogans like It’s about communications between people or Connecting People. On the other hand cellular telephony has brought great and new freedoms for youngsters – and increased security and peace of mind for their parents. It is now possible for young people equipped with cellphones to stay in touch with their parents and for parents to stay in touch with their children. This can help reduce or eliminate the need for meaningless restrictions on young people that were only in place because of parents’ anxiety as to their childrens’ activities or whereabouts. Costs need not even be a major issue, since these can be controlled through the use of pre-paid cards. On personal life of teens This includes examples of applications and uses of mobile phones, which drastically impact to the personal lives of teens. Some of the potential areas may include: †¢ Accessibility †¢ Emancipation †¢ Safety †¢ Individuality, status and confidence †¢ Competence in communications †¢ Communications and connectedness †¢ Amusing †¢ Confidentiality †¢ Planned life †¢ Time management This issue represents any improvements in the relationship of individuals with their family and friends. This may be related to the personal improvements in the previous section but the emphasis is not on the person but more on the relations with family and friends. But there are situations were children especially teens neglect food, parents, relations, kith and kin while using their cell phones. Specially while messaging. This drastically affects their personal life. On the other hand there are many health hazards to which teens and children become target. The radio-frequencies damage the tissues and genes of their young body very soon. A Thought for a Digital Age Aside from yet-unanswered questions relating to health, the positive use of mobile technologies lies largely in our hands – in the hands of government, when it comes to environmental issues and safety regulations; in the hands of operators, who can do much to ensure the smooth integration of the technology into our society, both in terms of equipment design and aesthetics, and through initiatives which help train people in mobile phone etiquette; in the hands of employers, who can take pains to ensure staff with corporate mobiles are not abused; and ultimately, in the hands of users, who need to cultivate a greater level of awareness and work to ensure that their phone use does not negatively impact the lives of those around them. With a little effort on everyone’s part, the benefits of mobile connectivity should serve to enhance our experience of life, offering us more freedom, and ultimately creating a better society in which people really do feel closer together. Health Effect of Mobile Phone: The effect mobile phone radiation has on human health is the subject of recent interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world (as of June 2009[update], there were more than 4. 3 billion users worldwide). Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, which some believe may be harmful to human health. Other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation. A large body of research exists, both epidemiological and experimental, in non-human animals and in humans, of which the majority shows no definite causative relationship between exposure to mobile phones and harmful biological effects in humans. The World Health Organization, based upon the majority view of scientific and medical communities, has stated that cancer is unlikely to be caused by cellular phones or their base stations and that reviews have found no convincing evidence for other health effects. Some national radiation advisory authorities have recommended measures to minimize exposure to their citizens as a precautionary approach. Many scientific studies have investigated possible health effects of mobile phone radiations. These studies are occasionally reviewed by some scientific committees to assess overall risks. A recent assessment was published in 2007 by the European Commission Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR). It concludes that the three lines of evidence, viz. animal, in vitro, and epidemiological studies, indicate that exposure to RF fields is unlikely to lead to an increase in cancer in humans. Radiation absorption [pic] Calculated specific absorbed radiation (SAR) distribution in an anatomical model of head next to a 125 mW dipole antenna. Peak SAR is 9. 5 W/kg averaged over a 1 mg cube. (USAF/AFRL). Part of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset are absorbed by the human head. The radio waves emitted by a GSM handset can have a peak power of 2 watts, and a US analogue phone had a maximum transmit power of 3. 6 watts. Other digital mobile technologies, such as CDMA2000 and D-AMPS, use lower output power, typically below 1 watt. The maximum power output from a mobile phone is regulated by the mobile phone standard and by the regulatory agencies in each country. In most systems the cell phone and the base station check reception quality and signal strength and the power level is increased or decreased automatically, within a certain span, to accommodate different situations, such as inside or outside of buildings and vehicles. The rate at which radiation is absorbed by the human body is measured by the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and its maximum levels for modern handsets have been set by governmental regulating agencies in many countries. In the USA, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has set a SAR limit of 1. 6 W/kg, averaged over a volume of 1  gram of tissue, for the head. In Europe, the limit is 2 W/kg, averaged over a volume of 10  grams of tissue. SAR values are heavily dependent on the size of the averaging volume. Without information about the averaging volume used, comparisons between different measurements cannot be made. Thus, the European 10-gram ratings should be compared among themselves, and the American 1-gram ratings should only be compared among themselves. SAR data for specific mobile phones, along with other useful information, can be found directly on manufacturers websites, as well as on third party web sites. Thermal effects One well-understood effect of microwave radiation is dielectric heating, in which any dielectric material (such as living tissue) is heated by rotations of polar molecules induced by the electromagnetic field. In the case of a person using a cell phone, most of the heating effect will occur at the surface of the head, causing its temperature to increase by a fraction of a degree. In this case, the level of temperature increase is an order of magnitude less than that obtained during the exposure of the head to direct sunlight. The brains blood circulation is capable of disposing of excess heat by increasing local blood flow. However, the cornea of the eye does not have this temperature regulation mechanism and exposure of 2–3 hours duration has been reported to produce cataracts in rabbits eyes at SAR values from 100-140W/kg, which produced reticular temperatures of 41 °C. There were no cataracts detected in the eyes of monkeys exposed under similar conditions. Premature cataracts have not been linked with cell phone use, possibly because of the lower power output of mobile phones. Non-thermal effects The communications protocols used by mobile phones often result in low-frequency pulsing of the carrier signal. Whether these modulations have biological significance has been subject to debate. Some researchers have argued that so-called non-thermal effects could be reinterpreted as a normal cellular response to an increase in temperature. The German biophysicist Roland Glaser, for example, has argued that there are several thermo receptor molecules in cells, and that they activate a cascade of second and third messenger systems, gene expression mechanisms and production of heat shock proteins in order to defend the cell against metabolic cell stress caused by heat. The increases in temperature that cause these changes are too small to be detected by studies such as REFLEX, which base their whole argument on the apparent stability of thermal equilibrium in their cell cultures. Other researchers believe the stress proteins are unrelated to thermal effects, since they occur for both extremely low frequencies (ELF) and radio frequencies (RF), which have very different energy levels. Another preliminary study published in 2011 by The Journal of the American Medical Association conducted using fluoride oxy glucose injections and positron emission tomography concluded that exposure to radiofrequency signal waves within parts of the brain closest to the cell phone antenna resulted in increased levels of glucose metabolism, but the clinical significance of this finding is unknown. Blood-brain barrier effects Swedish researchers from Lund University (Salford, Brun, Persson, Eberhardt, nd Malmgren) have studied the effects of microwave radiation on the rat brain. They found a leakage of albumin into the brain via a permeated blood-brain barrier. This confirms earlier work on the blood-brain barrier by Allan Frey, Oscar and Hawkins, and Albert and Kerns. Other groups have not confirmed these findings in cell or animal studies. Cancer In 2006 a large Danish study about the connection between mobile phone use and cancer incidence was published. It followed over 420,000 Danish citizens for 20 years and showed no increased risk of cancer. The German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) considers this report inconclusive. The following studies of long time exposure have been published: †¢ The 13 nation INTERPHONE project the largest study of its kind ever undertaken has now been published and did not find a solid link between mobile phones and brain tumors. The International Journal of Epidemiology published a combined data analysis from a multi national population-based case-control study of glioma and meningioma, the most common types of brain tumor. The authors reported the following conclusion: Overall, no increase in risk of glioma or meningioma was observed with use of mobile phones. There were suggestions of an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and error prevent a causal interpretation. The possible effects of long-term heavy use of mobile phones require further investigation. In the press release accompanying the release of the paper, Dr Christopher Wild, Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) said: An increased risk of brain cancer is not established from the data from Interphone. However, observations at the highest level of cumulative call time and the changing patterns of mobile phone use since the period studied by Interphone, particularly in young people, mean that further investigation of mobile phone use and brain cancer risk is merited. A number of independent health and government authorities have commented on this important study including The Australian Centre for Radiofrequency Bio effects Research (ACRBR) which said in a statement that: Until now there have been concerns that mobile phones were causing increases in brain tumors. Interphone is both large and rigorous enough to address this claim, and it has not provided any convincing scientific evidence of an association between mobile phone use and the development of glioma or meningioma. While the study demonstrates some weak evidence of an association with the highest tenth of cumulative call time (but only in those who started mobile phone use most recently), the authors conclude that biases and errors limit the strength of any conclusions in this group. It now seems clear that if there was an effect of mobile phone use on brain tumour risks in adults, this is likely to be too small to be detectable by even a large multinational study of the size of Interphone. The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) which said in a statement that: On the basis of current understanding of the relationship between brain cancer and use of mobile phones, including the recently published data from the INTERPHONE study, ARPANSA: concludes that currently available data do not warrant any general recommendation to limit use of mobile phones in the adult population, continues to inform those concerned about potential health effects that they may limit their exposure by reducing call time, by making calls where reception is good, by using hands-free devices or speaker options, or by testing; and recommends that, due to the lack of any data relating to children and long term use of mobile phones, parents encourage their children to limit their exposure by reducing call time, by making calls where reception is good, by using hands-free devices or speaker options, or by testing. The Cancer Council Australia said in a statement that it ca utiously welcomed the results of the largest international study to date into mobile phone use, which has found no evidence that normal use of mobile phones, for a period up to 12 years, can cause brain cancer. Chief Executive Officer, Professor Ian Olver, said findings from the Interphone study, conducted across 13 countries including Australia, were consistent with other research that had failed to find a link between mobile phones and cancer. This supports previous research showing mobile phones don’t damage cell DNA, meaning they can’t cause the type of genetic mutations that develop into cancer,† Professor Olver said. However, it has been suggested that electromagnetic fields associated with mobile phones may play a role in speeding up the development of an existing cancer. The Interphone study found no evidence to support this theory. †¢ A Danish study (2004) that took place over 10 years found no evidence to support a link. However, this study has been criticized for collecting data from subscriptions and not necessarily from actual users. It is known that some subscribers do not use the phones themselves but provide them for family members to use. That this happens is supported by the observation that only 61% of a small sample of the subscribers reported use of mobile phones when responding to a questionnaire. †¢ A Swedish study (2005) that draws the conclusion that the data do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use is related to an increased risk of glioma or meningioma. †¢ A British study (2005) that draws the conclusion that The study suggests that there is no substantial risk of acoustic neuroma in the first decade after starting mobile phone use. However, an increase in risk after longer term use or after a longer lag period could not be ruled out. †¢ A German study (2006) that states In conclusion, no overall increased risk of glioma or meningioma was observed among these cellular phone users; however, for long-term cellular phone users, results need to be confirmed before firm conclus ions can be drawn. †¢ A joint study conducted in northern Europe that draws the conclusion that Although our results overall do not indicate an increased risk of glioma in relation to mobile phone use, the possible risk in the most heavily exposed part of the brain with long-term use needs to be explored further before firm conclusions can be drawn. Other studies on cancer and mobile phones are: A Swedish scientific team at the Karolinska Institute conducted an epidemiological study (2004) that suggested that regular use of a mobile phone over a decade or more was associated with an increased risk of acoustic neuroma, a type of benign brain tumor. The increase was not noted in those who had used phones for fewer than 10 years. †¢ The INTERPHONE study group from Japan published the results of a study of brain tumour risk and mobile phone use. They used a new approach: determining the SAR inside a tumour by calculating the radio frequency field absorption in the exact tumo ur location. Cases examined included glioma, meninigioma, and pituitary adenoma. They reported that the overall odds ratio (OR) was not increased and that there was no significant trend towards an increasing OR in relation to exposure, as measured by SAR. In 2007, Dr. Lennart Hardell, from Orebro University in Sweden, reviewed published epidemiological papers (2 cohort studies and 16 case-control studies) and found that: †¢ Cell phone users had an increased risk of malignant gliomas. †¢ Link between cell phone use and a higher rate of acoustic neuromas. †¢ Tumors are more likely to occur on the side of the head that the cell handset is used. †¢ One hour of cell phone use per day significantly increases tumor risk after ten years or more. In a February 2008 update on the status of the INTERPHONE study IARC stated that the long term findings ‘†¦could either be causal or artifactual, related to differential recall between cases and controls. ’ †¢ A self-published and non-peer reviewed meta-study by Dr. Vini Khurana, an Australian neurosurgeon, presented what it termed increasing body of evidence. for a link between mobile phone usage and certain brain tumors and that it is anticipated that this danger has far broader public health ramifications than asbestos and smoking. This was criticised as ‘†¦ an unbalanced analysis of the literature, which is also selective in support of the author’s claims. ’ A publication titled Public health implications of wireless technologies cites that Lennart Hardell found age is a significant factor. The report repeated the finding that the use of cell phones before age 20 increased the risk of brain tumors by 5. 2, compared to 1. for all ages. A review by Hardell et al. concluded that current mobile phones are not safe for long-term exposure. In a time trends study in Europe, conducted by the Institute of Cancer Epidemiology in Copenhagen, no significant increase in brain tumors among cell phone users was found between the ye ars of 1998 and 2003. The lack of a trend change in incidence from 1998 to 2003 suggests that the induction period relating mobile phone use to brain tumors exceeds 5–10 years, the increased risk in this population is too small to be observed, the increased risk is restricted to subgroups of brain tumors or mobile phone users, or there is no increased risk. Cognitive effects A 2009 study examined the effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by standard GSM cell phones on the cognitive functions of humans. The study confirmed longer (slower) response times to a spatial working memory task when exposed to RFR from a standard GSM cellular phone placed next to the head of male subjects, and showed that longer duration of exposure to RFR may increase the effects on performance. Right-handed subjects exposed to RFR on the left side of their head on average had significantly longer response times when compared to exposure to the right side and sham-exposure. Ele ctromagnetic hypersensitivity Some users of mobile handsets have reported feeling several unspecific symptoms during and after its use; ranging from burning and tingling sensations in the skin of the head and extremities, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dizziness, loss of mental attention, reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia (heart palpitations), to disturbances of the digestive system. Reports have noted that all of these symptoms can also be attributed to stress and that current research cannot separate the symptoms from nocebo effects. Genotoxic effects A large early 2009 meta-study of 101 scientific publications on genotoxicity of RF electromagnetic fields shows that 49 report a genotoxic effect and 42 do not. Research published in 2004 by a team at the University of Athens had a reduction in reproductive capacity in fruit flies exposed to 6 minutes of 900  MHz pulsed radiation for five days. Subsequent research, again conducted on fruit flies, was published in 2007, with the same exposure pattern but conducted at both 900  MHz and 1800  MHz, and had similar changes in reproductive capacity with no significant difference between the two frequencies Following additional tests published in a third article, the authors stated they thought their research suggested the changes were â€Å"†¦due to degeneration of large numbers of egg chambers after DNA fragmentation of their constituent cells †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Australian research conducted in 2009 by subjecting in vitro samples of human spermatozoa to radio-frequency radiation at 1. 8  GHz and specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0. 4 to 27. 5 W/kg showed a correlation between increasing SAR and decreased motility and vitality in sperm, increased oxidative stress and 8-Oxo-2-deoxyguanosine markers, stimulating DNA base adduct formation and increased DNA fragmentation. In 1995, in the journal Bioelectromagnetics, Henry L ai and Narenda P. Singh reported damaged DNA after two hours of microwave radiation at levels deemed safe according to government standards. Later, in December 2004, a pan-European study named REFLEX (Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Energy Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro Methods), involving 12 collaborating laboratories in several countries showed some compelling evidence of DNA damage of cells in in-vitro cultures, when exposed between 0. 3 to 2 watts/kg, whole-sample average. There were indications, but not rigorous evidence of other cell changes, including damage to chromosomes, alterations in the activity of certain genes and a boosted rate of cell division. Reviews of in vitro genotoxicity studies have generally concluded that RF is not genotoxic and that studies reporting positive effects had experimental deficiences. Sleep and EEG effects Sleep, EEG and waking rCBF have been studied in relation to RF exposure for a decade now, and the majority of papers published to date have found some form of effect. While a Finnish study failed to find any effect on sleep or other cognitive function from pulsed RF exposure, most other papers have found significant effects on sleep. Two of these papers found the effect was only present when the exposure was pulsed (amplitude modulated), and one early paper actually found that sleep quality (measured by the amount of participants broken sleep) actually improved. While some papers were inconclusive or inconsistent, a number of studies have now demonstrated reversible EEG and rCBF alterations from exposure to pulsed RF exposure. German research from 2006 found that statistically significant EEG changes could be consistently found, but only in a relatively low proportion of study participants (12 30%). Health hazards of base stations Another area of concern is the radiation emitted by the fixed infrastructure used in mobile telephony, such as base stations and their antennas, which provide the link to and from mobile phones. This is because, in contrast to mobile handsets, it is emitted continuously and is more powerful at close quarters. On the other hand, field intensities drop rapidly with distance away from the base of the antenna because of the attenuation of power with the square of distance. Base station emissions must comply with safety guidelines (see Safety standards and licensing below). Some countries however (such as South Africa for example) have no health regulations governing the placement of base stations. Several surveys have found a variety of self-reported symptoms for people who live close to base stations. However, there are significant challenges in conducting studies of populations near base stations, especially in assessment of individual exposure. Self-report studies can also be vulnerable to the nocebo effect. Two double-blind placebo-controlled trials conducted at the University of Essex and another in Switzerland concluded that mobile phone masts were unlikely to be causing these short term effects in a group of volunteers who complained of such symptoms. The Essex study found that subjects were unable to tell whether they were being exposed to electromagnetic fields or not, and that sensitive subjects reported lower well-being independently of exposure. The principal investigator concluded It is clear that sensitive individuals are suffering real symptoms and often have a poor quality of life. It is now important to determine what other factors could be causing these symptoms, so appropriate research studies and treatment strategies can be developed. Experts consulted by France considered it was mandatory that main antenna axis not to be directly in front of a living place at a distance shorter than 100 meters. This recommendation was modified in 2003 to say that antennas located within a 100-metre radius of primary schools or childcare facilities should be better integrated into the cityscape and was not included in a 2005 expert report. The Agence francaise de securite sanitaire environnementale currently says that there is no demonstrated short term effect of electromagnetic fields on health, but that there are open questions for long term effects, and that its easy to reduce exposure via technological improvements. Occupational health hazards Telecommunication workers who spend time at a short distance from the active equipment, for the purposes of testing, maintenance, installation, etcetera, may be at risk of much greater exposure than the general population. Many times base stations are not turned off during maintenance, but the power being sent through to the antennas is cut off, so that the workers do not have to work near live antennas. A variety of studies over the past 50 years have been done on workers exposed to high RF radiation levels; studies including radar laboratory workers, military radar workers, electrical workers, and amateur radio operators. Most of these studies found no increase in cancer rates over the general population or a control group. Many positive results could have been attributed to other work environment conditions, and many negative results of reduced cancer rates also occurred. Safety standards and licensing In order to protect the population living around base stations and users of mobile handsets, governments and regulatory bodies adopt safety standards, which translate to limits on exposure levels below a certain value. There are many proposed national and international standards, but that of the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) is the most respected one, and has been adopted so far by more than 80 countries. For radio stations, ICNIRP proposes two safety levels: one for occupational exposure, another one for the general population. Currently there are efforts underway to harmonize the different standards in existence. Radio base licensing procedures have been established in the majority of urban spaces regulated either at municipal/county, provincial/state or national level. Mobile telephone service providers are, in many regions, required to obtain construction licenses, provide certification of antenna emission levels and assure compliance to ICNIRP standards and/or to other environmental legislation. Many governmental bodies also require that competing telecommunication companies try to achieve sharing of towers so as to decrease environmental and cosmetic impact. This issue is an influential factor of rejection of installation of new antennas and towers in communities. The safety standards in the U. S. are set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FCC has based its standards primarily on those standards established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), specifically Subcommittee 4 of the International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety. Switzerland has set safety limits lower than the ICNIRP limits for certain sensitive areas (classrooms, for example). 4. Conclusion: We have found from the study that students are not aware of the bad uses of mobile phone. Rather they think it is important for them. Not only that they use it mostly for 1-2 hours. They also don’t know its harmful for their health. So, we recommend to launch a campaign with a view to helping students know about mobile’s bad side. Thus mobile phones have both positive and negative impacts on human ambiance. But as a saying goes- good thing highlighted can efface bad ones- lets us look at the advantages more than the demerits aiming greater heights. 5. Bibliography 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mobile_phone 2. www. themobilestore. in/ 3. http://www. gsmandroid. com/2011-ces-smartphones/214/ 4. Health and Environment Science Milestones 5. Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile telephones and their base stations. Fact sheet N °193. World Health Organization 6. top-callingcards. com/ 7. www. slideshare. net 8. www. textbooksrus. com 9. NTERPHONE Study Group (2010). Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study. International Journal of Epidemiology 39 (3): 1ndash20. doi:10. 1093/ije/dyq079. PMID  2048383 Impact of mobile phone The answers that you give are highly appreciated. Please provide the information that is request ed for. Confidentiality is guaranteed and no third party will have access to your details. Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 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Multimedia phone ? Normal phone ? G phone 9) What do you think our mobile phone company is giving you right offers? ? Yes? No 10) Are you happy with the current charges of the services? ? Yes? No 11) Is people use to telling lie fore mobile phone? ? Yes? No 12) What you think mobile phone is increasing eve teasing? ? Yes? No 13) Is it making us idle? ? Yes? No 14) Please give some example about bad effect of mobile phone. (a)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (b)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (c)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (d)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (e)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15) Please give your comment about mobile phone. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦